of course we want to take actions. the head of state mentioned actions taken for the legal framework. in particular bills and the assembly, the national assembly y and bylaws. internationally president clinton, and we would like to thank him once again, accepted the invitation of the co-chair, the council of the temporary commission. the, i think, membership has agreed. there are some organizations things to do. on the trust fund the world bank is the fiscal is for the fund. an agreement between them, u.n., and the world bank. ..

>> translator: we need about $4 billion in the next 18 months to achieve the critical amount that is necessary to create the momentum, to make a difference that we talked about together. and we need to innovate. favorable conditions are there and we must succeed.

haiti is a country that needs to arise. as far as i can tell from your presence or this one, the political will to act and to help us in the long-term is there. the size of the country will allow us to be very specific about our initiatives, necessary initiative. we need to get over our difficulties, differences, have the confidence of trust and creativity, and transparency. you have listened and helped us and the people, the government, the people and now we are liening to you. thank you. thank you for all of us. this common endeavor. [applause] >> i think prime minister bellerive for his presentation,

a very ambitious. i'm sure you will get support. excellencies, ladies and gentlemen, now i'd like to welcome several key partners in the airport of haiti. is recovery. and i would like to invite several key leaders. the first i'd like to give to ms. helen clark, chairperson of the developer group. you have the floor. >> thank you, secretary-general. president preval, secretary of state, president clinton, excellencies, ladies and gentlemen. central to the action plan which the prime minister of haiti has just presented this is a vision to build haiti a new. we are committed to helping haiti achieving that goal. since the earthquake, our agencies have been among the many providing humanitarian

support to haitians under extremely difficult circumstances. but much obviously remains to be done. as the rains begin and the hurricane season approaches, the shelter needs are especially pressing. and we must say today that unless the urgent humanitarian needs are met and the revised pledge appeal to haiti is fully funded, ensuring that smooth transition we all want to recovery and development, he comes more difficult. the u.n., together with other partners, has been supporting haiti's government to qualify the recovery needs through their post-disaster needs assessment to which the prime minister referred. and that is provide a strategic contribution to the governments action plan. it is critical that the pledges made towards the $3.86 billion required over the next 18 months to get recovery going are quickly fulfilled. and our additional to the

emergency response. as we all mobilized to support haiti's recovery, let me make five points on behalf of the u.n. development group. first, the government and the people of haiti must be and the drivers seat of the recovery. and our international resources must be lined up with their priorities. the u.n. agencies will support the strengthening of the capacity of haiti to institutions at the national and the subnational levels, and support good governance. we will also support the full engagement of civil society in the recovery and the private sector, and include the haitian diaspora. we believe that the women at the decision-making tables is absolutely vital for lasting progress, too. we will be supporting short-term job creation, the development of micro, small and medium-sized enterprise, and the creation of

enabling environment which is needed for investors to come and help generate the sustainable employment and growth over the long term. second, we will certainly support the spread of development across the country so that all patients do have a chance to benefit from this recovery. our support will be in education training, food for work programs, and support for agricultural rehabilitation and production. as part of the overall effort, we will actively support the haitians government commitment to decentralize more authority to the local levels. third, we see restoration of ecosystems and disaster risk reduction measures as being at the heart of building haiti a new. agencies will help, including through the development of early warning systems for disaster, and better watershed management.

fourth, the u.n. will uphold human rights standards. the protection and empowerment of women and girls, children and young people, and other vulnerable groups. we know that addressing the system is vital. with the necessary resources, we can support tran want to develop effective social protection, to combat extreme poverty. we can help improve education, health services, clean water act sanitation and promote food security and food nutrition. we can also help the government to deliver justice and security services. my fifth and last point, coordination. mutual accountability and transparency are impaired is for all of us in this. all partners in haiti's recovery must meet their commitments. the u.n. has helped establish an aide information management system which will be publicly accessible to track aid disbursements and results in

haiti. and that will strengthen haiti's national aid coordination efforts. the u.n. is working closely with the world bank and the answer america give all the bank to support the establishment of haiti's reconstruction fund. we have finalized the u.n. component of the fund. we are ready to help implement priority activities now. so let today's pledging conference paved the way for building back better in haiti. with sufficient resources, the vision the government of hai has presented today can truly become reality for haiti and its people. thank you. [applause] >> i thank you, chairperson, on the you in developing group for her statement. and i now give the floor to the present of the world bank. >> thank you. i would like to thank you,

secretary-general, president preval, secretary clinton for hoping this conference. a special thanks to president clinton and the cohost, brazil, canada, the e.u., france and spain. and i want to thank the prime minister for his very excellent presentation. we have a chance to do things differently this time. and to do so we're going to need a partnership for the long haul. so i will make five suggestions. first, we need to combine capable haitian ownership with effective donor partnership. all of us know that haiti has a modest capacity before the earthquake, and loss of life set it back further. so supporters need to help build institutions, even as we help rebuild the country. but this will also require strong political will on the part of haitians to overcome the divisive politics that we've seen in the past. but donors come in turn, need to work through haiti's budget to

avoid the fragmentation and to assist in developing haiti's capacity. now i know budget support is very difficult for donors. but we at the world bank and others can help by serving as a trustee for the haiti reconstruction fund, the multi-donor trust fund, that can help supply controls and fiduciary responsibilities. your countries, the haitian government, the partner agencies, will provide guidance to this reconstruction fund. so please use it. please avoid feel-good flag-waving projects that won't be haitian and won't be sustainable. because building islands of develop any sea of deprivation won't get us where we need to go. second, we need the best governance and anticorruption tools that are possible. to strengthen the case for working through haiti's budget. president preval has already taken important steps, such as asset declarations for himself and his ministers. but we've learned some important lessons from the case of aceh,

wunderlich and harry use your. internal audit, special anticorruption unit, better salaries but with high performance standards. declarations for seniors and all key officials. publicizing detected cases of corruption, and all staffs and development partners taking ethical pledges. we can use this reconstruction agency to raise the standard, and then back it with budget support through the reconstruction fund. third, as president clinton and helen clark both mentioned, we're going to need some tangible benefits on the ground right away, particularly for shelter. we need to move fast to head off another possible tragedy. in the near term, this is going to require a emergency relocation of those most at risk of flooding. i understand parses of land should be ready soon, and we need to make sure they get the shelter to those places fast.

in the medium term we're going to need to combine grooves with community develop it for water, schools, sanitation, food. and we hope, jobs. fourth, the private sector is absolutely fundamental to created these jobs. now the hope to act in the united states offers a great possibility for a peril jobs. and even after the disruption of the earthquake there's about 20,000 people still at work in the factories. we can help them build more by backing them with power and logistics. with additional land for facilities to create more jobs. there's a possibility agriculture, for tourism, for women-owned businesses. a to do so, we're going to get government support our policy and regulatory reforms, including on land titling. ise, the private sector arm of the bank, is only give an added financial support to clients, and is looking to invest 150, to

$200 billion in microfinance, other finance, logistics, manufacturing, small and medium-size enterprises and infrastructure. we can use that money to leverage in other private investors. fifth, the international agencies need to cooperate, not complicate. i'm very proud of the contributions the world bank staff made in the immediate aftermath of a half million dollars of contributions. the world bank group will provide almost half a billion dollars over the next 14 months. $479 billion, that's $250 million of new funds, including $151 million of new grants, $39 billion that will cancel the remaining debt. i believe we can effectively gives considerable more. this is a key point for the ministers in the room. your governments decide something called the allocation to item. i suggested to the finance ministers that 16 which begins

next june we can include a special allocation for haiti and afghanistan. the finance ministers are interested. so if the foreign ministers will also push, we can make it so. so please write a note for your chief of staff or someone in your office because myspace is, ministers like this idea. but when we work with the deputies of the deputies, they don't like change. [laughter] >> now for the international agencies, to be most effective, i suggest we divide up a separate responsibilities under the haitian framework instead of tripping over one another. and finally, let's hold everyone's feet to the fire. i heard a good suggestion of a review after five years. why don't we agree to meet in six months about the time of the u.n. general assembly? identify what's working, what needs to be improved, and how we can move further ahead. this can be our accountability report to the people of haiti

and the world. thank you. [applause] >> president of the world bank for his statement and commitment. i now give the floor to present of the american development bank. you have the floor. >> thank you very much, mr. secretary-general. madam secretary, mr. prime minister mr. prime minister, ambassadors and delegations, ladies and gentlemen. first allowed me to add my words of thanks to the cosponsors of this donors conference. let me also congratulate the prime minister for his clear position of division of a new haiti. we all hope that from the destruction of the earthquake generated -- jangly 12 will arise a 21st century haiti based on principles of equity, justice, inclusiveness and the rule of law. within an economy that is dynamic, competitive and

grounded on a board -- on a broad territorial base and with stronger democratic institutions. as president clinton said here before, and as many have also, we are part of a institution and this imager has a lot 40. we together with the oas have been working for many years. in our case providing resources for haiti over the last 50 years. we have been there in good times and in bad. and we have seen the country suffer the many natural disasters, and also some man-made crisis. does, we have witnessed close up the capacity of the people of haiti to overcome difficult challenges and get back on their feet quickly. this is attributed -- attributable to their perseverance, their patients, and their determination. and when every confidence that such corrective actions will

stir them well once again. with the assistance of those of us in this room, and some others outside as well, we can help turn division of the new haiti into a reality. we are happy to see the governments develop a plan for the future. and it is shared by many stakeholders. as we have just heard. the iadb sponsored with the private sector. it was a very productive and positive dialogue. it left no doubt in our mind that there is a shared strategy. in order to reduce poverty, protect the environment, create a large middle-class and achieve sustainable development, the private sector must play a vital role. and in order to attract private investment, both sides also understand the measures that need to be put in place to create an appropriate enabling environment. let me just point out some of the more critical measures.

the lack of clarity surrounding land ownership. some of the and adequate housing and infrastructure, insufficient credit, especially for the small and medium enterprises. week institutions, or schooling and health services, and a tax base that cannot support the needs of the government. the iadb has been working with the government and most of these areas. currently, we have an active portfolio of roughly $700 million, of which 300 million are still undisturbed. about 40 percent of that is in infrastructure, working with other partners like the spanish government with their fund. 20 percent in agriculture and environment. and 25% and basic services. and 15 percent in governance and institution building. since the earthquake we are just these projects to help meet emergency needs. for example, our multilateral investment fund supported by a

leading institution for the distribution of remittances to haiti to update to continue operations in the rural areas. in addition where about to send our board, to our board of directors for its approval housing loan of $30 million to provide semipermanent shelters. we're working with the government and the progression of a project to implement a new strategy designed to give a public sector the capacity to monitor and improve the quality of public location and fund new school construction. we will also help haiti and budget support it and as bob is not just that, this is a critical piece. will be providing $50 million this month of april, we hope, approving in our board. we are examining other programs designed to help the government me to development goals. some of these provide incentives for the 700,000 people who moved

out of port-au-prince after the earthquake. these programs are cash for work, technical training, agricultural assistance, watershed management and we force stationed. and we would participate with the world bank and others in setting up the multi-donor trust fund. and will also engage with the government of haiti and helping set up the haiti reconstruction committee. the bank has been discussing with the government, the establishment of an information technology platform to track the flow of foreign assistance to ensure that the government's development plan is being implemented in a timely and transparent manner. it is critically important for effective application of develop and plan that the record nation both of the donor side through the multilateral develop a trust fund, but also on the ground in haiti through the intro commission, and eventually through the haiti development agency. last week at the just concluded annual meeting of the iadb, our governors agreed to take the

necessary steps as part of the bank to provide among other things $479 million to cancel haiti's remaining debt with the bank, including the conversion of outstanding under spurs balances in the amount of $186 million in two grants. as you recall last year when haiti reach the completion point, both the imf, idp forgive, at that time $527 million of haiti's debt as part of the multilateral debt. finally, at the annual meeting, the shareholders of the bank also agreed to take the necessary steps to implement a transfer ofno carrierringconnec0

>> guest: there will be no medium term if we're not able to manage the short term. the short term is mainly a question of support. support this year is absolutely essential. the financing gap following the forecast of the imf is about $320 million. i know that many of you already have made some pledges on budget support. i want to thank you but there are more to do and there will be no way to be able to do all what has been stated this morning if the authority need to finance their budgets through

militarizing. monetary support, monetary financing will lead to huge inflation and this will destroy all the forecasts we may have today. so, this is absolutely critical. of course another point is very important too. which is to monitor carefully and we will do this with the central bank the fact that all the pledges represent huge inflow of capital for countries like haiti and inflow of capital will make an upward pressure on the currency. this has to be taken into account. but this can be monitored. the main problem is to be able to bridge the gap in front of which we are now. and to do this certainly budget support is necessary. another point as important which is involvement of the private sector. to resume credit to the private sector. we are now working very closely with the asian authority to build a partial

credit guaranty fund and when this fund will be really working certainly it will have other five, not public side but private side of the system to work again. so my second point, urgent budget support. please think about that in your pledges. and the last point of course has to do with debt relief. debt relief is obviously necessary and as far as the imf is concerned the current level of debt outstanding to the fund is 271 million. including the 114 million we have dispersed immediately after the earthquake. and i'm happy and proud to see that that the imf was first institution likely to disperse in days after the earthquake. that was bridge support. it was absolutely necessary. now we need to deal with this debt. other institutions already have done their duty. we will do it too.

we don't, we're in a situation in the imf which is special. whatever we do there is no payment due by haiti before 2012 because interest rate with a period of grace. we're, i'm prepared to go to the board of the imf rather rapidly with a proposal which will make it possible to organize debt relief for the total that remains. be very short, mr. president, mr. prime minister, the imf will continue to be on your side in this difficult period. we really believe that there are some bright future possible. it relies on growth, for all sides but mainly on growth and to do this we're absolutely r to you but we need your total involvement. i know you are the perfect partners. thank you. [applause]

>> i thank managing director of the international monetary fund for his statement. and i now give the floor to mr. patrick brunton, vice president of the caribbean development bank. >> thank you, secretary-general. secretary of state, other members of the head table. first of all i need to apologize for the absence of my president, professor. he was unavoidably detained and i had to take his place. haiti's accession to the caribbean development bank in 2007, we have been very actively involved. by decision we have made sure our involvement has been in collaboration with other multilateral development banks, particularly the world bank and the caribbean development bank.

so all the investmented in education and community development have been with the world bank and the idb. cdb currently has available total of 50 million for haiti. i should mention that unlike the idb, we don't have to give any debt relief all our provisions is grant resources for haiti. of this 50 million, 1.5 million represents undispersed balances on essentially three projects and, our current assessment will determine whether that, those 13.5 million will in fact be used for those projects or transferred to other projects for long-term growth. in essence we have 36 million available in new commitments which, we anticipate subject to the approval of my board, that it will be contributed to the haiti reconstruction

fund, multidonor trust fund, that we have, that has been set up. we're doing this because we believe this is one of the most appropriate mechanisms for insuring the government of haiti has a central role. a point made repeatedly this morning. and we provide for the necessary oversight that we think is critical in the use and of these resources. as part of the all the principles discussed earlier. in essence the caribbean development bank is prepared to provide a total in new commitments of 30 six million and in existing and relief on balance of 13.5 million for the reconstruction of haiti. thank you. [applause] >> i thank the vice president of the caribbean development bank for his statement and i now give to

the final speaker on my list, to the most honorable james patterson, special representative of the heads of government of on haiti. >> secretary-general, prime minister bell letter riff, -- bellerive, secretary of state, distinguished ladies and gentlemen. the earthquake of january 12th, ranks among the worst catastrophes to befall a single nation. the loss of life, the to of severe injuries, the destruction of the physical infrastructure, the demolition of public buildings and its con sqent damage to the apparatus of governments all combine to

make the natural disaster one of the worst ever in recorded history. the initial response of the international community has been tremendous and as a representative of the caribbean community to which haiti belongs, we want to say a grateful thanks. but our work has just begun to lift haiti from the rubble. in every forum which has met since the either earthquake it has been acknowledged and today's donor conference will no doubt affirm that we must go beyond and relief and recovery to build with the government and people of haiti a land which provides a quality of life for its citizens and future generations which its amazing history and rich culture truly deserve. the haiti of the future must

be completely different, and significantly better than the haiti of the recent past. in years to come the result of this august gathering will not be measured the eloquence of today's fine rhetoric but by the honoring of the generous pledges we make and by the timely delivery of tangible results. we support the creation of a new development model, one which identifies the recipient as the engine of sustainable development and in which the priority needs identified by the recipient become the overriding criteria for the selection of projects and the disbursement of fines. the prime minister of haiti -- funds. has presented an action plan in the form of a

post-disaster needs assessment. the needs identified are enormous. but well within our reach. the proper management of the disbursement and the putting into productive use of such a large sum will however call for tremendous exercise in governance by haiti. with the devastation of port-au-prince, rebuilding must insure no future catastrophe can have similar devastating impact and therefore such national significance as the recent earthquake. decentralization will help to insure this will not happen again. the public functions of the state and of its public service must be reinforced as a matter of urgency and priority to provide the government of haiti with the

institutional capacity to play the lead role in guiding and in managing the recovery and reconstruction of the country. it should also insure that the progress made in the provision of public goods and i can services, which unquestionably is the responsibility of all states is sustainable. as we recognize, government is of paramount importance to the process. carcom is in assisting haiti in reinforcement of government process where transparency, responsibility, compassion, efficiency and vision predominate. the caribbean community has a vital interest in the welfare and the development of haiti. as a strong caribbean community needs a strong

haiti. as the most populous state in the group of 14 sovereign nations the community sees rebuilding of haiti as a priority issue for all caricom states. and therefore, the entire capacity of caricom has been placed at the disposal of haiti as it seeks to strengthen its own national capacity. with regard to the building and strengthening of institutional and technical capacity, caricom believes it can make a tremendous difference with the skills it can bring to bear in the areas of human resource development and institutional capacity building. the community there for stands ready to make available its capacities in administrative reform, in education and training, including vocational

training and certification, in engineering and construction for earthquake and hurricane resistance, and in providing solutions for low and middle income populations, in agriculture, tourism, research and development. this meeting of donor groups is absolutely essential in the defining the way forward and how the process of rebuilding will be achieved. it provides an excellent opportunity for the international community to put into practice some of the principles it has been advocating recently to enhance aid effectiveness. caricom welcomes establishment of a multidonor trust fund. all donors must now commit to that fund and its joint management. the arpg arrangements for the fund and more generally for support to haiti must

facilitate, encourage and recognize a collaborative approach. this donors meeting is a good place to begin to recognize that all donors and donations, big and small, in kind or in cash, are important and welcome. but we must all be wary that with the gradual withdrawal the haitian story from the front pages of major international media, the enthusiasm of dons norse and -- donors and facilitators does not weaken or dissipate. the actions of this group will go a far way in sending a signal that the international community will partner with haiti all the way to the very end. nothing less than a revitalized haiti that is sustainable, that is just

and equitable, will be accepted as the litmus test of our suck. every delegation in attendance and every individual at this conference is i believe fully committed to the rehabilitation initiative. the consensus is also clear under impairtive to build a new haiti, to create a haitian, renaissance. the challenge to this international meeting is to create that blueprint, to approve that action plan and organizational arrangement which will assure maximum effectiveness of all the resources that are necessary to facilitate the reconstruction of haiti. even as we do so the continuing precarious conditions in which internally displaced are living and the urgent needs of the rainy season and

hurricane season approach, with its potential to create increased distressed should not be overlooked. the sense of urgency must be maintained. in this regard, the interim haiti reconstruction commission must begin its work immediately. if we can, as an international community, help rebuild haiti into a modern, sustainable state, we would have advanced the cause of humanity everywhere. [applause] >> i thank the special representative of the heads of government of caricom on haiti for his statement. excellencies we have listened to the last speaker for this morning session.

we are behind the schedule but however, i would propose that we proceed with the present session. and i invite excellency, minister of external relations of brazil, to take a seat at the podium to chair the first part of the present session. may i also request my special representative for haiti and head mission, mr. edmund mullet, to take a seat at podium. at this time i would like to inform you i have appointed mr. edmund mullet, as special representative in haiti as effective for tomorrow. he will enjoy a few more hours as acting special representative. i know that this has been very extremely difficult decision for him to continue such a very difficult

mission. and i am very much graduateful for his taking his mission. and i wish him all the best and the strong leadership in trusting this way. thank you very much. [applause] is >> thank you very much for staying there and i would like just to, sorry. >> a look now at white house where president obama will be returning after announcing an expansion of offshore oil and gas drilling.

a handful of sites will beed down but the plan calls for the first offshore oil and gas exploration in the atlantic ocean in over two decades. the president and first lady, shell obama, are also participating in a white house conference on work place flexibility. michelle obama will deliver remarks to lead off the conference at 1:15 p.m. eastern. we'll try to bring you live coverage at the conclusion of this white house briefing. also president obama will give remarks later this afternoon, around 4:30 eastern. live coverage of that on c-span2. with a look at the white house live press briefing where press secretary bill burton will speak, is speaking to reporters. and, we'll be briefing reporters shortly. live coverage on c-span2. >> as well as finding ways to promote efficiency and thinks like that. so all these things are connected. >> robert, yesterday, showed

acceptance of a timetable of getting financial regulatory reform through congress onto the president's desk no later than september. what is the timetable you're thinking of for climate change legislation? >> i don't have specific dates forly but this is something the president thinks we need to move forward on as quickly as possible. recently a couple weeks ago he had a group of bipartisan senators to the white house about some of the proposals they have. ways to make progress on this issue. he will continue to work with them to make progress as fast as we can. >> does the president think this can be done before the midterm elections in november? >> his goal is to do this as fast as he possibly can. >> i'm curious what changed? the president again and again said on campaign trail. this be insignificant. expanding these kind of lease would not do much in consumer relief short term or long term. so what's different? >> what the president said there is no silver bullet when it comes to decreasing

our deends on foreign oil and having a comprehensive view on energy. if you remember, the conversation that was being had, a lot of people treated offshore drilling as a panacea, to solve all of our problems as it related to energy. but what the president thought was that it just had to be one part of a comprehensive strategy to dealing with that. that's why over the course of the presidency, you heard him at state of the union talk about this and other venues talk it. he talked about increasing production of domestic oil. he talked about finding ways to get nuclear energy moving in this country. clean coal moving in this country. all those different things. along with the increased production he talked about ways to make vehicles more efficient. there is new fuel efficiency standards which is something that was very hard to get an agreement on but bringing all the relevant parties to the he was able to. he has done things to make the federal more fuel efficient, more fuel efficient. using hybrid vehicles buying,

plug-in cars. to make sure that we're doing everything we can, from the federal government standpoint in order to decrease our dependence on foreign oil. so nothing has changed. what you see here today is a fulfillment of what the president said he was going to do. >> the president said it was insignificant. if it is insignificant and you have kind of political fallout jennifer is talking about potentially happening what make this is worth it? >> what the president said this in and of itself would not be enough to get us on a path to energy independence. as one part of his strategy, finding places where you can reasonably and safely drill offshore to increase production, is a key part of that. so, but it is just one part of that. that's what he said in the campaign and that's what he is following through on today. dan? >> why did the president not go further in terms of drilling off bieved there are at of resources?

>> what the president thinks we ought to do is use the best science available andest methods that we can in order to find oil and gas and then go and retrieve it and use it domestically. what this proposal represents is what he and the team of experts around him think is the best way to go about that and the most responsible and safe way. >> on health care what is going on behind the scenes in terms of the president selling it to the american people beyond just the trip we're seeing this week? selling it to the american people the short term and long-term benefits of this new law? >> well as the president said when we were going through this process to get health care passed into, he was going to spend some time going out talking to the american people specifically about the short term and long term benefits they would get out of it. that's what you see. tomorrow the president will be in maine where he will talk about some of the benefits small businesses will get in the short term

and long term as it relates to health care. so you will see the president travel and talk about it. you will see members of the administration talking about it. we're going to continue to make sure the american people know exactly what is in this bill for them and when it comes into effect. yep? >> want to revisit a health care issue from yesterday. regarding the write-downs for big companies like at&t, caterpillar, i'm unclear, is it the white house's position that these write-downs are purely political? that they could have been done in a more gradual way, or is it your position yes, their hands are tied by accounting rules and they had to take these write-downs immediately? >> i'm not going to make statement about motivations of people announcing what 30-year projections are saying about impact health care reform will have on their business. but the white house's view all the benefits in health care reform will have a much greater positive impact on

those businesses than the loss of a double subsidy will to their business. >> you seem to be scoffing at it a write-down over 30 years? is that true you're saying -- >> i'm not scoffing at it. i'm just pointing it out. >> secondly, it sounded like scoffing. i sent you a high priority e-mail yesterday. i'm sure you saw it. but i was questioning the mating habits of about mr. gibbs. -- reading habits of mr. gibbs. has he read all the reports he cited yesterday, to juffy a there will be bending of the cost curve in the health care bill? >> i assume he has because he is really fast reader and been very interested in the subject, but the good news for you, is that, i'm just doing this part-time and you will have your chance to ask him directly. bill? >> bus the president believe his proposal today will make it easier to raise a cap-and-trade bill and get it actually debated in the

senate? >> the president views what he did today is important part of moving it forward. so, the president's been -- >> -- politics. >> i understand that. and i know that here in washington i haven't been here that long but i know everything is viewed through a lens who does this help, who does this hurt, who is up, who is down? the president views this is the best policy and working with members of the senate on both sides, republicans and the democrats, this is policy that there are things people of both political persuasions can agree to and we can move forward on it. >> presumably you've been here long enough to know that is the way they think inside too. >> i wouldn't go that far. having talked to the folks who i work with here in the west wing all day today, i know there is a real belief that what we propose today, doesn't just follow through on what the president promised the campaign trail for the sake of following you through on it. it also would put our count on a new track towards more domestic production of energy, towards more

renewable energy use and creating jobs of the future. >> willing to set deadlines for other legislation, but you are will you set a deadline for getting cap-and-trade passed. >> i don't have a deadline for you today. i know the president wants to move forward on this as fast as possible. sam. >> giving you guys haven't considered ticks at all with this, is there possible there was a strategic blunder here, offshore drilling announced new grants for nuclear reactors, without getting any concessions from republicans? you know republicans standing up there with the president today, is it possible you've given away with the store without any guaranties you get republican support for this? >> i start out by saying actually senator mcconnell's spokesperson's statement was very encouraging. this was an issue he brought up specifically with the president and that we believe we'll be able to work with republicans on. but also, like i said, this, none of this should have been a surprise to anybody.

we've been talking about all these different elements for a very long time. and the president is the following through with promises that he made to have a comprehensive energy strategy. so in terms of politics of this we think there are good things in this package that appeal to people to all political persuasions and that in the short term, not the long term, we'll be able to move forward and pass this into law. >> statement i just read actually which mentioned that, kind of frames it as a small step. all the republican statements say you have of a lukewarm response to it. will the president get involved, as closely as he was by end of health care? did he learn something from the health care debate he plans to use in this debate? >> i would say for starters i don't think there is anybody who anticipated that the president would roll out an energy plan and people on the republican side would be cheerleading right from the get-go. but if you saw what happened over the course of the health care debate where you had senators saying this would be the president's water loo.

this at all costs. this is the way we can halt the agenda of the president, i think even lukewarm statements are a step in the right direction. mark? >> bill, to what extent is the administration joining the chorus of those who chant, drill, baby, drill? >> i would say this comprehensive approach is a lot less drill, baby, drill, and more, drill where it's responsible. promote efficiency, invest in clean energy. and create jobs of the future. i know that doesn't fit on a t-shirt quite as well but that's a lot more about what president obama think is the right direction for this country. >> and is it the plan to expand oil and gas leases throughout the atlantic ocean? i read a figure of 160 million acres of ocean would be available for new oil and gas drilling? >> i don't have the specifics on the acreage.

i think there is call happening with some of your colleagues where going through some of those particulars roger? >> bill, the looking at the friday, the jobs report comes out as you know and the president will be down in north carolina, the analysts so far seem to suggest that this will be showing job creation for the second time the recession started. does it suggest that the white house will stop now in offering more jobs plans? are you going to kind of lay back and let, let things take hold and, see where it goes? >> well, unless the jobs report comes back and says we've created 8.5 million jobs in this last month, the president is going to create this jobs report the same way, he treated all the rest of them which is to say, we've got a lot more work to do. and, you know there is analysts across the spectrum who have different views of what the jobs report is going to say. i know there's different fact that will play into this specific one.

last month there was the huge snow. this month we might see some of reverse effects of that. i see reports that the census bureau hired thousands of folks. there is lot of different factors we'll see in this jobs report. the president is committed bringing american people back to work and keeping this economy on track. the report that comes out on friday is just going to be one set of data but it is not necessarily going to mean the president will change course it comes to doing everything he can to move through some of the, some of the ideas that he's put forth on helping small businesses helping bigs, helping everybody who is hiring that he can to create an environment where people can create jobs. >> so you're leaving the door open for another jobs creation package at some point if needed? >> well, keep in mind that some of the things the president has talked about, even, as recently as december, have not, have not come to a vote, haven't been passed. so some of his jobs ideas are still out there including some of the things

to, since this is energy day, but to make homes more efficient and give people credits to retrofit their own houses, that sort of thing. so the president is still very much focused on creating -- >> minor housekeeping question. will first family's tax returns be released either friday or over the weekend? >> i don't know the timing on that but, they're generally released and they will be out sooner than think. i don't have a d.o.t. for you. -- date for you. lester? >> thank you very much. and, -- very crisp answers. >> i'll do what i can. >> does the president believe that the holy father has been fairly treated by "the new york times" and "washington post"? >> i don't know that i have spoken with him about it. i will see what i can find out. >> you will? good. why does the president believe it is fair to bar all private schoolchildren from the easter egg roll

including scholarship students at sid well friends? >> i'm not familiar with easter egg roll policy but -- >> you must be aware of the announcement? >> like i said i'm not, i'm not fully familiar with the easter egg roll policy i appreciate the question. but you should direct it to -- >> give me an answer? >> i direct you to the east wing where they know a little more about it. april? >> yes. today is march 31st deadline for -- congressional approval for settlement. [inaudible] information about if the president supported an extension we understand that cbc members as as black farmers were looking for an extension. do you have any information about the president's support extension deadline after teen years of waiting? >> i checked in with ledge affairs after you asked the question yesterday. they told me they are in fact working with congress with some urgency to get this done as fast as

possible. i don't have any specific timing you but this is something they're working to make progress on to make sure we get this done. >> won't happen today but you mean they could possibly use the extension? today's the deadline and they're not there. >> well. not knowing the particulars, the specific settlement i'm leting you know that the legislative team is working to get this done as fast as possible. >> let me ask you this as well. since they have them waiting for 15 years in -- the black farmers want to know if they can meet with the president especially after he announced it in his 2011 budget and put out a paper saying he strongly supports it. they want to know if they could sit down with the president and push more so with the administration to make it happen since they waited 15 years? >> i don't know if there is a meeting in the works. i can certainly check on it. but i don't know that -- >> is this administration open to meeting with them at least? >> i haven't spoken with anybody on that. so i don't know. bill? >> bill, you said a couple

times already today, that the president's policy to drill where is responsible. so far only heard about virginia. can you give us an idea of other places where the administration believes it is responsible to drill? >> some of the other areas talked about in the reports are northern coast of alaska, down in the gulf region. areas like that. >> are there any plans for drilling off the coast of california? >> that is not a part of this. >> out of consideration? >> i can't speak to the entire rest of this administration but i can tell you it is not a part of the president's energy plan. sam? >> i started to mention, but to what extent was this discussed with democratic leaders on the hill before it was rolled out today? >> i mean we speak with democratic leaders on the hill every day. >> they were well aware this was coming? have you taken the temperature of democrats on the hill? >> i assume that has happened. we talk to democratic

leaders every day. this wasn't a secret our energy policy was coming out. folks got a heads up it wasp haing. obviously president has a very close relationship with speaker pelosi and leader reid. it is one of things they do talk about from time to time. ann? >> on the west coast of florida, when you're talking about the eastern part of gulf of mexico he says that if the ban were to be lifted he would like to see more exploration there. will the ask congress to lift the pan? -- ban? >> every place is specific, specific regulations to deal with in order to move leases to, actually put in the regs. there is exploratory phase they have to go through. so, what is your specific question about the eastern gulf? >> statement you all put out says in the eastern gulf, which reunder a congressional moratorium, right? but if it were to be lifted he thinks there should be more drilling to the western coast of florida?

>> i don't want to get into the water that's too deep for me when we're talking about the gulf of mexico but i would -- [inaudible] >> how about for years some of the arguments that opponents of drilling use, first of all, as the president said he was a candidate, it doesn't come up with a single gallon of gas on the short term. it is way long off. and number two, that the, that the, answer this, when he pounded the lecturn back in 2008 and said, i won't do it because it won't come up with anything immediate, what flipped him on that? >> well the president's view, saying this earlier, this is not a silver bullet to the answer to the energy question that we have. >> what changed?. >> but it is one part and this is something he said over the course of the campaign. people who vote for him, people who covered him, people watching this election knew if you pulled lever for barack obama, in november of 2008, what you were going to get was a president who is part of a

comprehensive energy strategy, who was going to support some drilling where itoú$de sense. going to promote efficiency. was going to invest in renewables but he was going to take a comprehensive view and not just take the short view drilling was answer to all our troubles. >> other aspect of that, complain against it, drilling of a lot of leases out there, sitting there untouched for years. how many leases and what kind of exploration could go forward private companies just aren't doing? >> i actually going to have to say i regret this i have the specific numbers for you. they're sitting upstairs on my desk. but i will make sure that i get you those numbers and anybody else interested in them. glen? >> in run-up to the kopelousous copenhagen, administration took criticism saying you were in the pockets of environmental community. what do you think this says about the president's attitude towards environmentalists and willingness to stand up to them if they don't agree

with him? >> glen, i was saying this earlier, i don't see it in that political lens. if president said he wouldn't do something he promised that he was going to do, that we hadn't telegraphed through the campaign, through the state of the union this year and all the different things we've said about energy, then i would say maybe we could have a conversation about what this means for standing up to whomever. this is something the president said he was going to do. i think for the most part, people ought not to feel surprised about it. >> -- sam asking about the contact with the --. if you look at this map, appears to be carefully, carefully crafted and tailored. do you have feeling on north shore of alaska, no restrictions on the south. drilling off the coast of virginia. to what extent did you discuss the creation of this map with senator warner in virginia, senator landrieu in louisiana? was there a back and forth prior to this? >> on actual process

figuring out places where it made most sense to explore for new places to drill i would direct you to the department interior. peter? >> yesterday the president's statement on iran with president sarkozy, weeks, not months on sanctions resolution. can you give us more understanding why he is saying that or what makes him think he can get it on that time frame, what's happening in terms of discussion about the chinese at this point? >> for starters as the president expressed yesterday there is real sense of urgency as it relates to working to apply pressure to iran. and, there's some, very intense conversations happening with the united nations right now that we're able to make real progress on. and, the president feels like we have more support within the international community for sanctions than we've ever had before. he feels very confident this spring we'll be able to move for word an agreement with those nations. >> how important is it to a

sanctions resolution even if it doesn't include everything he might have wanted to have? >> president obviously, united states is not only country who is dealing with this issue. so we have to work with some of our foreign partners to apply as much pressure as we can. you brought in the chinese. chinese know it is not in their interest to have a nuclear arms race in the middle east. we're confident that we'll be able to work with them to move forward on meaningful pressure on iran. so i would say that the president takes the long view. he wants to apply as much pressure as we can and he is confident we'll be able to do that. yeah? >> as you know that gas prices have been on the rise past four months. i've seen $4 a gallon here in washington, d.c. to what extent does the white house believe that the proposal the president announced today will bring down the cost of gasoline for motorists across the country? >> i don't know about the

immediate impact because, of course, you know all these different things that we're doing have to go through different phases right? you've got some places where you can start drilling a lot more soon than in other places. so the length of time it takes to get out of the ground and into the supply will take a while. i don't know that. i'm not a speculate. i don't know exactly what's going to happen on the price of a barrel of oil today but i can tell you that over the long term this will save the american people money. it's going to decrease our dependence on foreign oil and it's going to allow them know our energy future is secure. >> long term then, you say, you don't know about the immediate impact it may have. long term you think that the price. do you think the price of gasoline will come down as a result of the proposal president announced today. >> as result of the proposal president announced today our country will have more

energy security and less depend own foreign oil. in terms of ups and downs of market i'm not going to get into that in terms of calculus of the white house to make this decision perhaps this would bring down the cost of gasoline for motorists? >> obviously as we get into the summer gas prices go up. and at a time the economy is not doing real well. that can have a pinch on list who are unemployed or employed or families feeling the pinch from all sorts of different aspects of economy. rising tuition costs. rising utility costs things like that. so the president does want to do things that main energy more affordable for the american people but this comprehensive approach is way to do that long term as it relates to energy and as it relates to our economy. thank you.

[inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> coming up today at 5:30 eastern. the afghan ambassador to the united states. he's addressing a forum at johns hopkins school of

advanced international sudden did is to discuss how other nations and outside institutions can support the building of afghanistan. you can see that live starting at 5:30 p.m. eastern on our companion network, c-span. also happening, president obama delivers remarks at the close of a forum on work place flexibility, attended by ceo's, small business owners and policy experts. we'll join the president's remarks from the white house today at 4:30 p.m. eastern right here on c-span3. on c-span2. we go live now to first lady michelle obama attending a white house conference on work place flexibility. labor leaders, ceo's, small business owners and scholars aring throughout the day to discuss the issue. we'll bring the president's remarks of this event later this afternoon around 4:30 eastern. this is live coverage here on c-span2.

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[inaudible conversations] >> we're waiting for first lady michelle obama attending a white house conference on work place flexibility. that conference includes labor leaders, ceos and some small business owners and scholars. they have been meeting throughout the day. they're discussing issues of work place flexibility. we'll bring you the president's remarks as well. he spoke at this event and he will be speaking later this afternoon around 4:30 eastern. we'll bring live coverage to you from c-span2.

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[inaudible conversations] >> we're waiting for first lady michelle obama. she's attending a white house conference on work place flexibility. in the news, reverse a ban on oil drilling off of most u.s. shores, president barack obama announced an expansive new policy that could put oil and natural gas platforms in waters along the southern atlantic coastline, the eastern gulf of mexico, and part of alaska. and, texas republican kay bailey hutchison says, she is going to stay in the

after losing the primary election for governor. she will be serving out her third term that ends in 2012. she previously said she would resign her seat. that decision set to be announced in san antonio comes after 20 texas republican house members signed a letter last month urging her to stay in the senate. hutchison lost the republican primary race for governor earlier this month to governor rick perry and perry, now faces democrat bill white in the november general election.

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>> we are waiting for michelle obama's appearance here at the white house conference on work place flexibility. until she ariffs though, we go now to questions and questions and answers during the ton journal. >> host: you're on the independent line. we're hearing about this just this morning. what do you make of it? >> caller: i think it is a great thing.

about time we started using our own resources and stop spending or sending $800 billion a year to the arab countries and they send the money back to us in missiles weapons. so i think it's a great. we can help our ownselves, our economy a lot more. and i think we should go to a fair tax and drill, drill, drill. and i think it would be a great thing for our country. >> host: from the state of maryland, jamie is on the line from & der son, indiana. another independent caller. president roh posing drilling more oil offshore. what do you think? >> caller: i think this is brilliant idea. and another move in his brilliant strategy to expose hypocrisy of opposition party. once he wants drilling, sarah palin would talk in the campaign, bill, baby, drill. tell the fellow tea baggers, it is too late. the man with the teleprompter should have been done it before.

time to reload. all he does is give republicans what they have been arguing for. when he proposes it, they run away from it like some of the proposals in health care. i think it is brillian to further expose the hypocrisy of opposition. maybe at some point they will say we can't beat it so we'll join them. he is releptless. they rope-a-dope like ali. wait until 7th or 8th round and came of the ropes and they were too tired for obstruction they were able to pass the bill. >> host: "new york times" has most extensive writing on this i'm sure we'll see more as day goes on plus tons of reaction. "times" says this proposal is intended to reduce dependence on oil imports, generate revenue from sale of offshore leases an support for comprehensive energy and climate legislation. while mr. obama staked out middle ground on other environmental matters supporting nuclear power, for example, the sleer breadth of the offshore

drilling decision will take some of his supporters aback. it is no sure thing it will win support from climate bill of undecided senators close to the oil industry, lisa murkowski, republican from alaska or mary landrieu, democrat from louisiana. the senate is expected to take up a climate bill next few weeks. jack, tennessee on the line. charlie, a republican. your reaction this morning. >> caller: i love to see the day we as a nation for once could come together on any proposal whether it be offshore drilling, health care, and, stop all this name-calling and bickering. work out some common ground and move forward as a nation. i feel like that president obama decision to do off drill something a correct one of the i feel like it will benefit the nation. there will be some, regardless of the previous caller's hatred and ilk for anyone not of his particular

party, there will be some on the left that oppose this and there will be some on the right that oppose this. but it should be what is good for the, the greatest good for the greatest number. not any one's particular agenda. >> host: "the times" points out mr. obama and allies in the senate have already made significant concessions on coal and nuclear power to try to win votes from republicans and moderate democrats on climate bill. the new plan grants one of the biggest items on the oil industry wish-list, access to vast areas of the outer continental shelf for drilling. even as mr. obama curries favors with pro-drilling interests he risks backlash from some coastal governors, senators and environmental al advocates say the relatively small amounts of oil to be gained in offshore areas are not worth the environmental risks. jim, democrat now, east ridge, 10 see. -- tennessee. the president is proposing more drilling offshore. your reaction? >> caller: i want to take you back for a second here.

back in '73 when we had all the big long lines and out of oil, oh we're going to have alaska oil open and we're going to have the oil lines, pipeline coming -- >> we go now to the white house and to first lady michelle obama attending a conference on work place flexibility. >> the council was created by president obama a year ago. it represents his commitment to strengthening the standing of women and girls in the united states and around the world. the membership of the council consists of representatives from every agency in the federal government, and every office in the white house. together, we are carrying out the president's directive, which he issued when he created the council. it is a directive to every part of the federal government, to address the needs of women and girls in everything from budgeting, to health care, to education reform. today, our focus is on work place flexibility and how we can build a 21st century

work place that meets changing needs of our workforce. in these challenging economic times it is more important than ever to improve the productivity of both the united states businesses and our government. we thank you for joining us to participate in this very important conversation. in a minute, i have the very special honor of introducing the first lady of the united states. but before i do that. let me tell you more about this afternoon's program and the reasons why the white house council decided to host this forum. today we'll hear from a distinguished lineup of speakers. we'll hear from private sector managers, dem mick experts, government officials, corporate leaders, media icons, labor leaders, issue advocacy organizations and of course, working women themselves. each person has a unique insight into this important issue and we want to hear about best practices and practical solutions. we want to learn how we in

the private and public sector can be better support and strengthen the working families in this nation and our economy. after we hear from the first lady, "good morning america"'s clair shipley will moderate our first panel and we appreciate you being here. this panel will take up the question of what is work place flexibility? why is it necessary and what does it actually look like? next you will each participate in breakout session. here you will discuss topics including the new normal and flexible work place policies that benefit the economy. other panels will discuss how to make such policies a working reality in different sectors, from small business to big corporations. we encourage everyone to be open and to share your knowledge and your experience on what works and also mostly, what does not work. that way when we leave here today, we will be refocused

on implementing the best of these ideas for more of america's working families. john berry, the director of office of person management will help wrap up today's program. he will brief i on the federal government's plan to respond to the changing workforce. finally we'll hear from president obama. he will make closing comments and reinforce the message that the work place flexibility is priority not just for the businesses but for the federal government as well. he will tell you that this administration intends to compete with the private for the very best employees. we want to attract and retain the best and the brightest. we want to improve the quality of life for our workforce. we want to do this because we know it will improve the quality of work and if we do, in turn, it will improve the quality of service to you, the american people. the president and first lady's participation in today's forum sends a very

strong message about just how important this commitment is to them, and hopefully to all of you. we in the federal government are challenging ourselves, we hope that the private sector will also work hard across the country to do just the same. we're pleased for example that corporate voices for working families has come up with a challenge for the business community. it's a challenge in which companies will encourage their peers to adopt as many of the smart practices that provide work place flexibility. this is the type of the competition that can work for both employers, and employees. it can also help us pave the way to the creative work place of the future. we look forward to hearing updates on your progress and other efforts across the country. in fact the conversation we begin today will continue around the country as we convene similar forums in the coming months by connecting directly to these community. we will continue to learn about practices and

challenges that local government, business and their employees face in implementation. all of these voices must be heard. because it's an issue that is fundamentally after all americans at work and how we live. and let me expand on this point for just a moment. consider the women's evolution within our society. the majority of households no longer have one working parent and one stay at home caretaker. increasingly women entered the workforce and taken over the prime role of being the primary breadwinner. woman are half of our nation's workforce. at home they make the majority of household decisions in terms of buying and generally speaking, more studies are showing that companies that higher and retain women have a healthier bottom line. with these facts in mind, we believe that we must reexamine how the modern work place functions. we believe we must understand who works and how flexible policies will impact them and their families. this is why the president's

council of economic advisors issued a report today entitled, work life balance and the economics of workforce flexibility. the council chair, christine roemer, wave, will detail this report during our panel discussion. we believe more work places should try to do a better job meeting the growing needs of their employees and their families, not just the right thing to do but of course it's the smart thing to do. for the government and for any company that wants to stay competitive. working together we are confident we'll all do a better job in meeting the needs of american families and workers. in fact, we must do better. in our work starts here, today, with discussions just like this one. we are so delighted to have such a wonderful, diverse and a accomplished group to help us tackle this issue. i want to take just a moment to thank people who were critical in making this event possible including my team at white house,

executive director of the council on women and girls, tina chen. wave back there. [applause] and tina couldn't do she does without our able team consisting of deputy, general any caplan. emma siegel and national economic council. round of applause to team here. [applause] i also want to recognize of course claire shipman, the author of "woman nomics." from "abc news" "good morning america" who will moderate our first panel shortly. clair? [applause] clair is strong and powerful because in work place flexibility,. we're delighted to have her here. want to acknowledge journalist cokie roberts. where are you? [applause]

first gentleman of michigan -- till woman of michigan, please stand up. all trailblazers in business. so, with that, i now, i have, a, well, before i, before i introduce the first lady i also want to mention we are so fortunate to have here authors and experts and labor leaders and organizations that have been advocates and university professors who have all come to join us. not to mention they're streaming our entire event over the net. we hope those who are in the office and at home you will be engage and continue with us in this process as well as we work to champion this issue and challenge us all to do better by and for american families. so with that, i would like to move forward and introduce our next speaker. the first lady. let me tell you a little bit about the first lady before she comes out here.

there is not much more to add other than you guys already learned course of the last several years since she has hit the national stage but i've had the privilege of knowing her for many, many years and having worked with her closely and observed how she worked so hard to lance the needs of being an extraordinarily accomplished professional, being a terrific mom and being a great spouse. shes very openly about the challenges and she through her own career worked hard to push her employ to recognize the importance of flexibility. so many times along the campaign trail and across the year, she helped people realize, you can't do it all without support. she's had terrific support in her life. she had it before she came to the white house and she certainly has it here but she recognizes better than anybody because of her life experiences that so many women do not have the safety net and so many women are trying desperately to juggle without the support that they need.

so she is a strong advocate for flexibility and without any further de, let me introduce the first lady of the united states of america, michelle obama. . .

this is just a wonderful way to spend an afternoon on the important issue. i'd also like to thank all of the out damning members of this administration who are here for taking the time to be here today and i want to thank everyone who has joined us to share their ideas and expertise on this critically important topic. thank you for taking the time. as valarie said, we've come you today to have a conversation about work is flexibility. an important part of balancing our responsibilities, as employees, as breadwinners, mothers, fathers, sons, daughters, husbands and wives, it's an issue that many folks have struggled with for so many years and one that we as a society just hasn't early quite figured out quite yet. and as the parents of two beautiful young daughters, it is an issue that is particularly important to me and my husband, as you know, as valerie said i

talked about this so often. and it is true in our current life. we are incredibly last. with amazing resources and support systems here at the white house that i could never imagine. number one of them is having grandmother living upstairs. last night we all need one of those. so can you figure that out. but we didn't always live in the white house. and for many years before coming to washington, i was a working mother, doing my best to juggle the demands of my job with the needs of my family, with the husband was crazy ideas. and as i've said before, i consider myself as many of us in this room do as 120%, which means if i'm not doing something a 120%, i feel like i'm failing and i know you all can relate to that. so why did the best that i could work and now, i felt like i wasn't keeping up with either one of them enough. and i was lucky.

i understand about this. i very accommodating jobs good in fact, in the last job i had before coming to the white house, i remember this clearly. i was on maternity leave with sasha, still trying to figure out what to do with my life and i got an interview for this senior position at the hospitals and i thought okay, here we go. i had to scramble to look for babysitting and couldn't find one, so what did i do? i packed it a little infant in a putter in the stroller and i brought it with me. and i prayed that her presence wouldn't be an automatic disqualifier. and it was fortunate or me that number when she slipped her the entire interview. [laughter] and i was still breast-feeding if that's not too much information. and i got the job. but i know that i was lucky, number one. i was interviewing with the president that it just had a child himself and was very understanding and open-minded

here at but i know that most folks are nowhere near as lucky as i was, particularly right now with the job market the way it is your many folks can afford to be picky about the jobs they take. many folks don't have access to any kind of family leave policies whatsoever, no flexible working arrangements. many people don't even have a paid site they said they are struggling, struggling every day to find affordable childcare for someone to look after an aging parent which is becoming more the issue. scrambling to make things work when the usual arrangements fall through. all of us have been through that. so they spend a lot of time hoping and praying that everything will work out just perfectly. i remember those days, just the delicate balance of perfection. and that's all the pants in this room know, it's never perfect, ever. but here's the thing, as we all know here today, it just doesn't

have to be that way, doesn't have to be that hard. and that is something that i learned for myself not just as an employee, because the manager when i discovered that the more flexibility i give my staff to be good hands and i value back, the happier my staff was likely to be in the greater chance they were to stay and not leave because they knew they might not find the same kind of flexibility somewhere else. it is something that many of the companies here today have discovered, very fortunately the flexible policies actually make employees more, not less protect this. because as you well know instead of spending time worrying about what's happening at homecoming tour employs heavy support in the peace of mind that they desperately need to concentrate on their work. you all are pandering to innovative ideas and best practices to make something work and family life easier or your employees and better for your bottom line.

you are doing so much, providing discounts on childcare, important, setting up scholarship programs to help pay for college. amazing. many of you are offering compressed work weeks, you're offering generous leave time and mentoring programs that connect new parents or caregivers with folks who have been through before. and you're giving employees the right to even approach you and have an open and honest conversation about how to create a more flexible schedule. it is critical. so you're in the federal government, we're trying to follow your lead, putting our money where our mouth is to adopt more of those best practices from expanding telework access to providing emergency childcare and more affordable day care. and that's why this administration supports the healthy families act, which would lead millions more working americans aren't up to seven

days a year of paid sick time to care for themselves and their families here at doesn't seem like a lot, but it's important. these are just a few of the examples of what we're going to be talking about today. and i'm looking forward to hearing more of the many ideas, the researcher figuring out how to make this issue work for your employees. we're excited today to learn about your ideas, your best practices, what many of you have time to support your employees and boost your bottom line at the same time. so what not, i want to again thank you all. i went to tina mack for the work you've done in your companies to set the tone. i want to thank you for taking the time to share your ideas with us today. so now my work is done. i cannot turn it over to claire and the panel and y guys will figure this all out. >> forty-five minutes. >> that's right, 45 minutes. shorter than health care. >> a little.

[applause] >> mrs. obama and valerie, i just want to say thank you four -- >> the afghan ambassador to the united states is addressing it weren't as john hawkins advanced school of international studies on how outside institutions can support the building of afghanistan. you can see that live starting at 5:30 p.m. eastern on our companion network, c-span. the >> and that was -- we were just leading first lady michelle obama attending a white house conference on work they

flexibility. labor leaders, ceos and small business owners and scholars are meeting throughout the day to discuss the issue and will bring you the presidents remarks at this event later this afternoon around 4:30 eastern. we'll have live coverage of the president here on c-span 2.

actor at april committed to to winners at c-span student can't documentary competition. middle and high school students from 45 states submitted videos on what the country's greatest strengths or challenge the country is facing. watch the top winning videos every morning on c-span at 6:50 eastern just on "washington journal." and at 830 collector in the program, meet the students who made them and for a preview of all the winners, uses student can.org. >> we go not to a discussion on nasa's days exploration programs. whittier about exposed changes to the obama administration slated at it from the george c. marshall institute in washington d.c. this event is two hours and ten

minutes. [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations] >> good morning. i am jeffrey kueter, president of the george marshall institute. anger to welcome you today for this discussion of the u.s. space exploration program and policies. twenty years ago, the founders of the marshall institute, bob castro, fred hiatt, willis hawkins and bill nerenberg commission to study examining the space exploration initiative of the first bush administration, which had been announced a few months before being been his assist him in the case of bob castro somewhat worked on the early stages of the apollo program and founded the space studies in new york committed a particular interest in with this initiative was, being passionate about human space exploration. and i reviewed the study that they put together in 1990

yesterday, just to get a feel for what our institute had done on this topic over the years. and what i found was quite striking because it seemed to me that their encapsulation of the debate at that time, and it remained the good in fact encapsulate part of the debate today. what they found was that the resource allocations that were being projected for the space explanation initiative didn't match what they expected to be the resource requirements of the level of effort. they warned that in having this mismatch it created an unrealistic political situation that would doom the initiative. and they said that in their view of the scientific returns and technological benefits from the moon mars missions are of the highest value, but we must find ways to cut costs and accelerate schedules laid out in the initial plan so that the program requires elements of political realism. we strongly endorse the call by the white house for innovative technologies and unconventional approaches into major cost reductions anytime the schedule.

and so today we hear about a new emphasis on that latter claim, the emphasis on new technologies and innovative approaches. so in some respects a debate returns to where was the 1990. i look forward today to learning more about the new initiatives, new ideas, the new budget, for this administration was to take our space exploration pro grand and then from learning about reactions, challenges and observations. today's meaning is the first in a series that were put into most about the earth under the guidance of our marshall institute fellow, eric sterner to discuss our space exploration program and the nexus between commercial and space exploration on national security space. it's my pleasure to introduce eric sterner, the fellow at the marshall institute. you'll be muttering and program. eric has helped in her

congressional staff positions as the professional staff member for defense policies and a professional staff member into right therefore the subcommittee on space aromatics. he is serving the office of the secretary of defense and his associate deputy for planning and asset. eric, thank you for being here and helping us put this program together. i'd [applause] >> i will be very, very brief because i know you don't want to hear from you. first i want to thank dr. leshin for coming out. i think you find her time is tight in her schedule is tight and anytime we can have an opportunity to listen to her is something that will serve us all well. reintroduction and then you'll be on your way. laurie leshin is the deputy administrator for nasa's director b. asante and lingo i forgot which coded it.

she has long and distinguished career and finances. she she served as deputy director before coming to headquarters. i was asked people which they prefer senator at headquarters i will wanted to answer. during your time at nasa should also served on president bush's -- he served on president bush's on implementation of space exploration and prior to that she was professor of geological sciences and director of the center at arizona state university, which is as you know what is the leading senators for astronomy. the thank you again for coming. we appreciate your time. [applause] the >> thanks, eric. i was thrilled to be here at to get out and talk a little bit more about the president's fy 11 budget proposal for nasa. now when doug cook called me in mid-december i think it was due,

talking about joining the snp as associate administrator for a while this could be really interesting time to be a part of the esm d. it's like a façade can be an understatement. that was pretty much what it was and it has indeed been an interesting time. i've now been on the job officially for ten weeks. i read in the middle at january 3 weeks before the budget cannot demand that stopped running fence. so it's been an extraordinary time to be there and obviously a time of rate change which is challenging for everyone involved. i think everything harder than anxiety that changed for the only thing harder to change itself is actually the anxiety about the change. sizing sort of as they can get out there and talk about what it is our vision for the future is and put more meat on the bones of these programs, the easier it will be for all of us to be productive in the way that we move forward. and eric mentioned that i was in fact on the aldridge commission

before it came to nasa. it was an honor to be asked on that group when the vision for space acceleration first came out. and if you go back to our report on the can 2004, things like a new relationship with the air and a technology enabled to program and robotic scouts and humans and robots are continued on science and exploration coming together in support of the vision for sustainable affordable visions of space is really what we were bragging about them. and so i should think that this focus for national program is really not that it was referred over the year. we come back to needing to have new and enabling for purchase in order to make this a sustainable program for the future and i think that's what we're talking about, a change in approach and philosophy, but not a change in goal. the goal remains the same to see exploration in the solar system. i want to walk you through a little bit today today's government program element that

have been proposed in the president's budget, to build marbach from an inside the wayward thinking about these things. let's go ahead and move to the next slide. thank you. so again esmd her job her job is to place it on the solar system. and it's extremely exciting things to master a served in the aldridge committee i didn't want to just ten of our document with the recommendations and go back to my lab. i was very excited to think about coming to join nasa and being a part of implementing a new view of human spaceflight aired and so i gave up my tenure and decided to come and join the agencies has been an exciting right and to get this inside a esmd at this important time is was a real thrill and honor. so our goal again, the article remains the same. extend human presence of the solar system. the change in philosophy and approach highlighted in the presidents budget is more of a multi-destination approach where we talk not just about the moon and by the way the mood is very

much a part of the plan that we're talking about here, but also asteroids, mars, and it's been as potential destinations for human spirit and in fact ultimately myers in the near term because they personally and sort of a star trek or or are they csb on the solar system. both in the solar system bars mars is an especially compelling destination not only because it scientifically draws us with questions that are transformative but also because it drives the investments from a technological perspective. it's the hardest destination in the near term that we seek to exploit. so it drives our investment in many ways. so again, the approach of the presidents budget the way that i think about this is what we are back in the near-term year since creating the knowledge and capabilities that are going to be required in order for us to have a sustainable space exploration program, taking humans beyond earth orbit to

stay. and we are doing that by expanding some of our alternatives, some of the capabilities that are available to us as we move out into the solar system. next slide, please. suggest again, save for the words. just want to make sure i don't forget names. someday you'll could help us with this you hear about power/a nasa and the budget is increasing in the five years increases its a $500 billion increase in the future of the agency that's adding additional $6 billion for nasa's top line. our budget at esmd is 3.4 billion in fy 11 which is half a billion dollar increase over fy ten. again, we're looking at obtaining key knowledge in demonstrating critical capabilities. you can literally have in front of your stack of reports from various committees from the nrc, from various commissions which lay out the capabilities that were going to need in order to assist in both these expiration program will talk more about those as we get into this type.

they all say the same thing and yet for on the order of 20 over 25 yearshe scene at the level we need to for the capabilities that are truly enabling. the idea here is to spend some focused energy in the next three years g..just about to demonstrate this capability is such that when we are ready to roll listen to the next human place like systems which only be a few years away that we actually have those proven in our toolkit ready to use. again, so serious that were going to be investing are in propulsion capabilities, some butter technology development that will be demonstrating on relatively large flight missions to demonstrate this capabilities. we'll be looking at robotic recursive missions to the destinations of interest, things going on extraordinary success of her, since order and they'll cross. investing in the human spaceflight realm to help transition to transport documents to go with orbit to human factor, which i know will

be the topic of further discussions here today, very exciting change in the way we interact with the commercial spaceflight sector and again it's about a 40% increase in our human research programs which we very much need to know the answers to the compelling questions there in order to send humans sustainably out into the solar system. in addition, the budget does cancel the constellation program. i'm not going to dwell on this one too much here today. i would say that all of us recognize the challenge that canceling a program of this magnitude means and the people who have devoted their lives and energies over the last five years, me included, frankly had devoted a good chunk of my own energy to making the program successful. this is not a commentary on their capability. in fact it's just a challenging one and there's no doubt about it. as a result were putting a lot of energy into figuring out how we can do that the most appropriately, how we can make that transition a superbly as

possible. so to talk little bit more in a picture formats about what we're talking about here comes sort of building the foundation is overlooking that over the next two years, developing the state ape abilities and obtaining the rights of the precursor knowledge for destinations of interest ultimately leading to sustainable human spaceflight programs come with the knowledge and capabilities or by two buzzwords about this new plan. and i think what we'll see is what the goal is in the near term will see a lot more activity, more lunches, more demonstrations, more and save video this program and in the lunchroom we hope to be enabling again the capability for sending humans into space i can go to mall to paul destinations. next. okay, so are we going about doing this? obvious that the budget came out february 1st and we needed very quickly to react to that budget. so we have stood up some internal study teams at by nasa to do that. they're a sick sort of pre-formulation tend to nasa's

people put out there putting together initial thoughts about how these programs will look at how they'll be operated. and those are in six different areas corresponding to six different program areas in the new budget for the flagship technology demonstrations of a lock to reach of these a little bit or later, so maybe it won't read them now. each one of those have a focused team. we have a transition of constellation team that's looking at both superpowered gorge means that but also making sure that we have a good inventory of the capabilities that were developed and the facilities through the constellation program such that we can make maximum use of those words make sense to do so when the new programs. we're been being very intentional about that. in addition there some crosscutting teams during integration and international participation and also we've got a participate exploration team looking at everything the public along with us on this journey

and a more integrated in substantive way. so again, what are these teams doing? well, obvious that there's a lot of interaction with the white house and congress as required with the new budget and are helping us generate the products for those. they're developing options to bring forward for decision to the ninth floor or to the administrator. they're doing sort of programmable planning. they're not picking very highly specific winners good but was it easier initial set of formulations until we can get program offices established epicenters. next. okay, so let's just get into talking about these. so first, the commercial crew and cargo development. there is an additional of about $6 billion in this area over the next five years, a little before cargo in fy 11 will be looking away so we can improve mission success for the commercial cargo delivery folks. for crew, which will probably focus on more today come the idea is to do something similar to what we did for cargo which is initially probably a space

act agreement like approach for development of new commercial crew capabilities in the factory party started down that road a little bit with the initial awarding of the cc to space act agreement which i'll talk about in the moment. a two-step sort of approach for cots like approach in the more crs, the service approach points to get a little further down the road on the development of the crew systems. again what we're working on now is to having conversations about the appropriate insight models for the development of these systems and how it is that nasa safety standards will be upheld. and again, i think i hope you hear something from the panel about your perspectives on what would be the most useful there and we intend to come out shortly with some draft documents around these issues for comment to you. and again i think the teams there has been, i hope, fairly interactive with the commercial community, trying to make sure we do this right in the get

started right. great opportunity to do this well from the beginning and the folks who are working with us at nasa are very committed to doing that. so here were what they call the merchant seven at the event, at the press club today the budget came out because my voice or it's going i apologize. i'm fighting a little bit of a cold rain. so first we had of course these exit orbital who are cots crs suppliers into our doing spectacular. the first falcon nine getting ready to launch. we'll show you something about that in a second. and our new five cc.winners were developing things from wayne's capsules to nonlinked capsules to two different kinds of escape systems and sort of life-support systems and launch vehicle type applications for commercial crew. there's an incredible diversity here at sort of new space folks and existing commercial space vendors. i think it's very exciting.

it's a very energetic entrepreneurial focus in the field right now and we couldn't be more thrilled with the progress that folks are making here. it's going extremely well. just to do a bratty little bit more think the video of the recent static fire test. this is a 32nd call up test of the engine and the falcon nine. should be very proud of this. it was extremely successful and looking forward to the launch of the falcon nine coming up here in the next few weeks very exciting. okay so moving on to bend some of the new research and development activities in this budget. so there are three sort of general areas that's actually for programs. ..

the previous program is two have a new position amy had to get rid of them they found some of mr. and their results on the moon that are beckoning fall apart over humans might go. in addition mars are places that are common to us for the perspective of human exploration, what are the things we need to know before we want to send humans there so we will

be following up on those and i will say more about each of these. suggest again to put an exclamation point on the need to invest in technology. this is a font of a mass of a mars mission, human mars mission and not just any, this is the one resends over a year studying, the design architecture 5.0 from ours so this is nasa's current base line for a mars mission. down. the lower right, this is basically a normalize space station that dotted line at the bottom. we would today with today's technology decided to go to mars our mission will have a mass about the ofttimes of the space station. it's just impossible, we would never be able to get there so it's not that these technologies are nice to have, they're absolutely required if your mind to have a sustainable path into the solar system. we cannot continue to pursue a

loss of things i'd managing your fuel is a huge mass of that is being able to do era captured, looking and vans propulsion and life-support beer using utilization, reading down the list here. advanced avionics, all these things are absolutely required to bring down the mass of this mission to anything like something that is achievable. so what we are saying is we will no longer keep showing this and other in the right investment, we're going to demonstrate the capabilities and demonstrate advanced cryogenic space and fewer transfer. this doesn't include the fuel depot so there are other things we can take advantage of to make this closer into rich. so this is putting our money where our mouth is when they say that marce is a definition of extremely high interest and, of course, in addition many of these capabilities where a man who intermissions and astrid missions that that much more achievable.

so that's why we need to invest in these areas and not just do it and eyes of experiments by prove we can actually do these banks. so we will do that and for the most part through technology demos. again amid talk about how mars can be a driving case and to capabilities, you don't need those but to do need them for marceau there on the west. where are going to try and start for new technology demo space missions next year under this budget, three, habitat for humans to live with is more house for your money. you can launch on a smaller launch vehicle with an inflatable habitat. rondell to undocking, some assembly will be required and we

don't have that technology which by the way the russians to all the time. and probably a fourth slide program in one of these areas either the best live support or space propulsion, we are working on what the portfolio is likely to be and as we move forward if we will based on programs in the new chief technologist area and things developing in a smaller scale technology it will be feeding into these demos and you can imagine some of these technologies might lend themselves to being on the same flight so it doesn't have to be one to do an inflatable model, if you could.edu have been advanced life-support model that would be great so we're looking to combine these things in an autonomous module docking which might apply in several places so some exciting opportunities with partnering with industries and

international as well as potentially other parts of the agency is in chief technologist offices in during this mission. and other government agencies are interested in it danced power systems in space so we are talking with many of these areas. next please. the enabling technology development is sort of a smaller scale versions of these are smaller scale investments in key technology areas leading to flights or investment wouldn't exceed 20 -- 120 million so this could be invested in a payload ready for flight and handed to another fi ship them omissions if you wanted to say this was a resource utilization or asteroid or mars so again the areas investing like these resources like human robot of partnerships, huckabee best exploit the capability of humans

and robots to gather. autonomous hazard avoidance and landing on the services. in some advanced propuion work as well so again to sizes are technology investments. you can see how this would be a program to the larger tech demo. next plays. heavy lift propulsion is an area where remake investment. this is an engine development program, looking at developing the first space engine for this program as well as in space engines as well as investing in foundational propulsion research so in this tech developments and development program so it's an early first half to building next generation of launch hicles and again in the goal is around driving down the costs of building these engines. by the way that was -- i have to brag -- that was a very recent last week to bottom panel demo

of a methane engine were working on for a lunar reception of modules. showing there is investments today making in the low level shoestring that are going to speak in today's new programs. an exploration of robotic missions. again this is an exciting opportunity. of course, i get the question how are these related to the science missions and robotic missions to use bodies all this time. it's true and they do so with scientific questions someone that are printed by the national academy and in some cases have overlap with which human precursor of aids are but not always and so, in fact, there have been these out their hearts for 15 years that haven't been met so as we've for example understanding the proximity of mars sending people there and more about the atmosphere structured and you want to lend

large masses there so we will be looking to fill in the knowledge gaps at mars and times that we need to send humans there. these programs will also allow us to carry this demo with us if we wish to and to test operational concept perhaps adds things like an asterisk, best way to interact with that. through this robotic missions to contest these ideas. these are going to be a one of plays for partnerships, international and commercial, or we have wonderful commercial capabilities been developed for lunar exploration and we hope to be able to capitalize on those capabilities when there demonstrated. we are working on it is in those partnerships and, of course, with science mission director of the women have different goals like the same targets of the idea of being able to fly on mother's missions is a compelling one and obviously in the international community

there's interesting robotic missions so we've had partnership for to do in this part of the program. next slide. so just to wrap -- up and i think this is obviously a very dull and approach to enabling future human spaceflight but i hope that you can see opportunity and possibility here. i think the challenge before us now is to paint the picture better frankly than we have of how these actually feed into human flights and i will tell you that this the thing we're working on today. we believe that with some of the very early technology demos that we should be able to feed these into rapid commissions and needs to put some meat on the bone of that and come back to you and talk more about when human space flight is an honest and, of course, we have international space station and i didn't mention it but many of the technology activities we want to

permit with the space station i think the one wonderful thing about this is the space station as the first four told be on the planet, not something in the way of getting beyond that if you well. i think it pushes it is a part of the program not a performance and to me that's exciting. we will have astronauts there throughout the decade and potentially beyond. and then we need to position ourselves to be ready to do this space after that time and we're working furiously to make sure that will be possible. i think one thing i hope for from you all is that you are interested in learning more and wants to help us and we will be very shortly starting to come out with opportunities to interact and call for information where we will have industry days and workshops associated with all of this is such that we can have more interaction and two-way interaction with the folks in this room and others so please watch for those, please watch

our web site. we will be looking for places to ensure equity of more and we're going to need all the creativity out there. it's been a little frustrating to me and i'm sure to you all as well that we've had to be of little bits hunter down frankly and we're coming out of our shaw over this last couple months so we look for to interesting more. a pretty much everything today is written in our congressional justification which you to find out more about the vigor to nascent.gov/budgets and you can download there and learn more about this. thanks very much, i'd be happy to take questions and then i have to run back to work but i will say i have more time with mark who is our program executive will save for the panel to make sure we do here from all of you why go back to work. thank you for coming in and be happy to take a couple questions.

[applause] >> you talked a bit about starting with ny 11 activities to the extent that congress is taking a lager, is that schedule in jeopardy? >> is certainly true that we will not be going out and doing anything without talking to congress and making sure that we're on the same page affair. what we're doing now is essentially normal budget for relations staff and producer in the lobby in the formulation process of the pope's work and are essentially working on either at 511 rollout or after i stop the run up but in terms of putting at calls for information we're hoping that that will be something people be able to do and we're hoping to interact as we go forward but obviously we will need to talk to congress and make sure we're on the same page so we will be working closely with them on that.

>> i have a question about exploration and there will be considering how -- well they also consider whether planning process, how and where? >> asking how citizens participate not just where we decide to have input to the planning and south. i think that's a great in. , i will tell you honestly i'm not sure i've heard that subtlety if you will expressed by the team and i will take it back as an input to make sure i asked the question. that's a great input. and i would certainly be interested to hear people have to say about that. absolutely. >> i have a robotics question.

[laughter] with regard to the robotic missions there exciting for this national corporation, can you elaborate more on high uc -- on how you see collaborating together because i think you'll see a gap in the last three years. we have of this. >> i have to appear in i have tried to help with that. so i will tell you what we are collaborating, how are the size exploration at nassau collaborating on these missions. the we have got in the formulation team to members on the team. we are collaborating from time to zero on how the formulation. i think we are going to have to see of the bids at windows. i think that's the easiest, the obvious first collaborating is to say we are going to the moon

are we are going to times, are you interested in going and then they would do the same process and so we can collaborate that way and then the question is rather more integrated signal missions were ricans live together and that remains to be seen happen is certainly on the table for consideration. i also think, for example 2018 for the mars opportunity is energetically wonderful opportunity to get to mars and obviously there are planning a mission with the europeans. if we ended up sending something as well we should talk about how we manage court made that into a big international mars staff in 2018 and i think there are ways that we could do its that would make a ton of friends so i can say much more than that but we're definitely after considering all these different mechanisms for collaborating. marlee i think we need to be out there soon, more have been

friends with the international community because there's a ton of interest there we haven't yet capitalize on. >> the human research program, will humans be able to go up there and was to nancy come out of this on -- [inaudible] >> the human research program yes and we did not put a slide in about that we have a significant augmentation and research program. this human research program we tend to think of as a fairly applied program, is very risk driven so these folks have articulated what they think are the risks and and that's one of the technologies and capabilities that may or may not save mass but you absolutely need it if you're grand to send humans be on the moon and you need to learn a radiation protection and deal with polos

and all of those challenges we face so that's a program in which we do that too. a lot of that research is done on the space station so extending that does help. in addition it right now we're in the middle of it i will admit only 10 weeks of but on the appellee up on where we are on the survey but i think there in the middle of goods for the biological physical research so that the additional pieces are fundamental research and biological processes and we're currently in the middle of a decade on survey for both biological and fundamental physics research that is space-based so we look for to see the results of that. how that will get implemented is still a little up in the air so is something we're working actively to make sure we've got the bases covered the has a lot of that does take place on station with a national have been taking more prominence is something we're working on exactly how we said that so i

will have to get back with more details on that on. i will take one more. >> with air and space magazine. imagine that linder x priced. is nasa participating that helps them get the money to do actual missions? >> i hope so. i can say anything about it yet. we are in discussions with that in so i think it would be an exciting thing to figure adds, partnership would make sense for both of us. thank you so much, i really appreciate the opportunity to come speak and i appreciate the support folks are giving us and the time that i know is a bit of a time so thanks for coming out and learning more. if anybody has questions you can e-mail me at dr. laurie leshin did that. [applause]

>> i want to go ahead and have our panelists,. laurie, we really appreciate that and thank you. you've done a fine job. one of the things we want to do at the marshall institute is try and pick apart some of the issues and the greater details and the first one resettled on commercial human space flight. an idea that's been floating around for awhile and got a lot of attention with companies starting with subliminal space followed by space -- spacex and as an admissions and some of the other companies out there that are talking about starting with subliminal space and moving on to the orbit. so we have assembled a panel of

distinguished experts who have in some cases spend time it in space which is by no means a small feat. i agree to walk down the panel alphabetically and i apologize if i get the order wrong. we want to do this as a moderating thing so we have five minutes presentations and then perhaps my primitive i will get you to talk to each other about the ideas and i have some questions starting nagging me. i don't want this to be a retrospective on consolation vs human space flights or vs commercial space flights which is what seems to mean we have fallen into in washington and i want to talk specifically about commercial him in space flight, what does it mean, is a realistic, how you get there, if you have had issues there along the way. that may introduce our panelists.

dr. andy aldrin, i he has served at palin, done work at the rand corporation institute's analysis and is currently teaching at the international space university and served in california state univ. long beach and houston at clear lake. ken bowersox is the vice president of the spacex, a retired naval aviator with 20 years at nasa, astronauts with fireflies and one commanded crew expedition's sixth. james muncy is the principal at polispace consulting firm, he surprised on capitol hill and first with the honorable newt gingrich, and then later as professional staff member of the house science committee at nasa and also did a stint in the white house office and technology the relevant to both places and also did time as nasa. co-founder of the space frontier foundation with past contributions as presidents and a board member.

kent rominger, also retired naval aviator and graduate of the navy fighter weapons school in naval test pilot school and former f-14 pilot. always the coolest air plan i ever saw. also esther out with five shuttle flights and i was disappointed when he retired. so with an average return to speed -- speaker,, >> and so lot. first of all, i really appreciate a opportunity to speak here and picking up on the theme that laurie brought up with interaction, this was an opportunity for industry to voice some of their views on what commercial means and i thank you really are asking exactly the right questions, what is commercial, what are the strengths and weaknesses, how to implement it and is an important question so let me be clear up front. i think we can make commercial

prove work. i think we can to live in such a way that we build airbus industrial base, i think we can to its saving the taxpayers a lot of money with but it's a program that has a lot of risk and a lot of that risk is really embodied in how you define commercial and wide to the actual details are of an acquisition strategy and let me be clear that this is a great program but we're certainly capable as we demonstrated in the past as grievous up -- you're asking the right question and i want to walk through these questions but i'm going to flip the order. let's start out with strength and weaknesses. actually i don't need that chart quite yet, i will let you now. strength and weaknesses, if you listen to the chatter in washington you think that the commercial space was either the

second community in finance or the end of western civilization as we now. the truth lies somewhere in between and that's when i want to talk about. we need to understand what the risk/reward trades are so commercial proof is certainly an endeavor for the optimists the let me start with the upside of this. one there are several markets out there to talk about, the personal space flight industry potential markets for that and i think few john has a study that 300,000,055 it's in 2020, maybe some studies are higher or lower. bob egil has his own analysis. but that kind of gives you an idea. well, in comparison the u.s. government spends $66 billion on space so it's good stuff and, perhaps a reasonable and useful market, but it's not the second coming of the internet and want to reshape what we do so what's

a more reasonable objective? i think there are two things to look at there. one would be getting costs down and i think if you structure a commercial program appropriately you can probably not maybe, two or 3 billion awful we spend now, something like 3.5 billion by the shuttle. so that's a good goal and i think that's achievable one. i think something else to look at that in some ways may be just as important is looking at the benefits of the industrial base. right now speaking for my company's perspective we have about eight launches a year for national security markets. we're already seen it but the decline of shuttle some strain specific pieces of our industrial base and that worries us. the addition of another four or so crew launches it was a properly structured to have a real benefit. not just in terms of industrial base health, but also the

reliability of systems. you get reliability by flying very often so that's something that's very important to us pinnace of that's the good news. commercial space is really a dream that may well become a reality, but as most of you are from washington as you know any real washington power lunch begins with an appetizer of something else is dreams so let's look at the downside of this. quite simply, the downside of this is there's a real risk. commercial providers aren't going to actually meet the objectives and provide systems in anything in a timely fashion. you look at that structure, that nasa is suggesting, contracts, there's a lot of risk there. this, in fact, looks a lot like the contract structure and that those of us in the launch business doubt with with the

early yelled the program and is only seven years ago that we can about this part close to exiting the business. ..

>> i think there's some risk of. what i worry about is that there's and nothing kills a program faster than requirement and stability are so that's something else we got to pay attention to. there is one list i want to discount, and i think that's a crusade. there really to reasons for this. one, we are flying system that are incredibly reliable today. we are flying with a great deal of oversight. i think with the addition of an appropriate crew escape system we can get to the reliability figures that constellation was aiming for. and secondly and i think more importantly, nasa and the american people are going to tolerate system which is as safe as humanly possible. i don't worry about that. so at the end of the day, what a reasonable set of expectations when you look at the risk reward

calculation, i think you have to pay attention to the downside risk. i think on the positive side there are some cost savings that can be realized. but as we start to structure a contract, let's pay attention to avoiding the risk of total program failure which you end up with providers who can't stay in the business because it doesn't make sense anymore. so let me get to the next question, which was how do we implement commercial crew. and the short answer is, very careful. and i'm only being a little flip, but the truth is, we've developed very reliable process is launching over the last 50 years. and one thing that scares us more than anything our changes to those processes that are already very reliable. so i think as we look forward to actually operate a commercial crew program, i think we need to maintain the core processes and systems that are already flying today.

we would like to think that every launch we are conducting to our national security community is in effect the test launch for nasa crew lodge and i think everybody benefits from that. so to get to the chart, finally. where does this lives in terms of a definition of commercial crew? as eric pointed out the debate today is incredibly polarized. people tend to think it's either a constellation that program or it's something where you're buying tickets for astronauts the same way to buy airplane tickets that and it really has to be, i think, something in between. this is a false dichotomy. not in washington you would ever have false dichotomies. but for just a second, let's pretend we're not in washington. let's set aside the hyperbole and think about this and maybe a little bit norm nuanced terms that because i think it's important, as i mentioned earlier, the way we structure this program is probably addressing the biggest risk that we got in the program. and i really think there is a

sort of middle path, a hybrid between a government and a commercial program that really makes sense. so this chart shows various characteristics. i picked five. it could be six. it could be three, but the point is, let's start taking apart what commercial means of looking at a little more detail. so let's start with ownership. industry is already owning and operating systems. we're pretty comfortable with that. it's not a huge change as you go to crew. the only issue that's going to come up there is and unification. and it really isn't going to work. i just don't see buying insurance from the marketplace to make this work. i think the government has to indemnify and to us as we walk through this. that leads to some other problems. or other things that we need to address. luggage and put it this way. that way. second characteristic is the

share of investment. and a commercial world industry pays everything up front. and with market certainly, you know, i think we could get comfortable with that, but we got to be honest. this is nasa, and you know, x. 33, x. 34, and now they constellation. the record of actually getting programs to flight is in high so it will be awfully difficult to ask industry to put up hundreds of millions of dollars of investment for a program that may not fly. if that's going to happen, kind of getting into technical details but if it's going to happen, we would have to see some kind of termination liability that would cover our full cost to date as well as cost of money. and that's also not a trivial point right there. the cost of money. this is a difficult sell in

government programs. we've learned a little bit about the tanker. if we're going to invest say, $400 million, make it 400. this is really commercial. look, by the time to get to the program have between six and $700 amortized. six or $700 million amortize. that's a difficult sell. in some ways the government is better off paying the 400 million up front. it's always been a difficult sell. but that something else we have to address. so let's get to the third thing. in order to make it work we've got to have solid requirements, and that's not easy. that's not easy. this is really in many ways the most difficult issues to deal with. and all of the conversations that i've been a party to about this, the government has been fairly insistent it needs to a fixed price develop and contract. that's just difficult. particularly in the case of human spaceflight. just imagine what happens if there's any a numbers, small anomaly, and the administers got to get up in front of the

american people and they got to explain that they did or didn't do everything they possibly could to support the safety of the crew. and it's impossible, implausible i think for me to imagine that nice of all, when they find something that could be better, that could be more reliable, institute that change. that's a set of requirements change. and a fixed-price contract environment this just leads to a cascade of class one contract changes for every class one contract change, you've got to go out, negotiated, find money, and you got to bring an adjective to bring it into a contract. that just bills kind of an endless series of delays. and i worry that that's something that could well lead to program cancellation. is another aspect of a fixed-price contract structure that worries me. and it's sort of an odd one. but when you bid on a

fixed-price development contract you expect a certain amount of uncertainty. and in a lot of cases requirements of inserting. and what did do to compensate for that is you build in margin, right? well, so here we would have an interesting situation. competitive environment, fixed-price development contract, trust me on this, the management reserves in these bids are going to overwhelm any differences in cost efficiencies or design efficiencies. and so you will end up with the lowest price provider, or the choice being based in large part on which company decided to risk more. and i'm not sure at the end of the day that actually the way we want to choose the next provider of human flight system. it's an interesting problem. a couple of ideas to try and work this. again, looking for the middle ground.

one is create a streamlined process for requirements, changes and let the government holds the management reserves instead of the contractors. a lot of details to make this difficult to implement but it's an interesting idea. i would also suggest that another idea for this would be, there's a certain elements that are relatively low risk. facilities tend to be high-cost, low risk. that i think we can get comfortable with fixed-price to government. so it could be the middle ground here something that involves some combination of a fixed-price and cost, plus elements. let me get to the second part of this fixed-price contract structure. we just talked about development. what you get to operations, i think it's much easier sell there. i think we've been doing fixed-price launch operations for a long time. and i don't think that we would be uncomfortable with the idea of fixed-price for crew launch. and that maybe the real answer of what is commercial or

fixed-price during the operation face. what you have stable requirements. fourth characteristic of oversight of design and operations. so this is another area itches, this is where you sort of get into a connection with the and indemnification. if nasa is going to indiana by, the obvious have a right to some oversight. i can imagine also again with the issue of making sure that you've done everything you possibly can to ensure the safety of your astronauts. so i expect and i think are comfortable with a lot of oversight. in fact, we are already doing it. i mean, the reviews and the oversight that we have from national security from the national security community i suspect is every bit as detailed as human spaceflight. what i was just here is if and as she lay down what they are

already doing in terms of mission assurance with nasa folks and the safety mission assurance on, once the kind of got to the translation difficulties, i think we would find that the vast majority of the things that they would like to see are already being done. on the national security side. so this is just something that i think we can work through. i don't see this as a difficult problem. next chart. or next click. okay. so now we get into the fun one, which is market risk. so one of the things that we hear discussions about is they want industry to skin in the game, to invest in the commercial marketplace beyond nasa. while not surprisingly we are a little reluctant to commit, but this wasn't always the case. let's remember, it was about 10 years ago that we invested billions of dollars in the plc systems. from market that franklin looked

much more solid than the market we're looking at today. there was a fair amount of certainty taking medication market. so every parallels, but that was a market that consisted of 150 launches in seven years. it was a much bigger marker that we're talking about today. the potential markets for commercial crew. so i would to just that that one, that would just may be a bridge too far. it's going to be very difficult, given the uncertainty of that market. to get industry to commit, and i just, i think that's going to be very difficult. having said that i think was we get to an operational stage, i think there is a way to help enable a commercial passenger market beyond nasa. and that's something very similar to what we're doing with the eelc today. if we can provide the services to that marketplace on a marginal cost, i think we can

probably get to the kinds of price points that bob would like to see, and others. out there in the commercial market place that i think that is a key piece of that puzzle. but it is something that doesn't really happen and take it to an operational phase. so in the end i think this chart tries to get at a middle ground, and i think it is a middle ground that at least ought to be a basis for the interaction that lori talk about. you know, these are the kinds of things i think we need to talk about, if we're going to have reliable and cost-effective commercial crew. so i will leave it at that. [applause] >> it's great to be here. i've got a few slides that i brought with me, but they are

not that many. next slide, please. always start off with an advertisement for spacex, and it's more than advertisement. it's also kind of an example of what you can do when he's a commercial approach. when you take an entrepreneur who wants to accomplish something that is in line with what a government agency wants to accomplish and a government agency helps in many different ways. it's incredible how quickly you can grow. the company was founded in 2002. we are now up to 900 employees. we have sites in california, texas, cape canaveral. we have a launch site that is dormant right now at vandenberg but which we hope to use in the future, and also a launch site in kwajalein. next lead. these are our three vehicles. wherever little rocket, folk and one which we modify into the fountain one and upgraded vehicle with extra lip untranslated capability. our falcon nine rocket, that's

the one that sitting down in florida right now. we hope to launch this spring sometime. it is a natural evolution from the falcon one. a lot of the guidance navigation and control is similar. the engines are similar. it was a very careful move from the training rocket into the big rocket that we're going to use to carry that vehicle that's farthest on the right, and that's the dragon cargo ship to deliver external unpressurized and pressurized cargo to the international space station. now and spacex was founded the intent all along was to eventually carry humans into space, and we hope in the future to modify the cargo dragon into a human carrying configuration. next slide. >> as the company grows, we get things like a lot of other big companies, and one of those is a quality policy. i like to show this, not just to show that we are becoming richer as a company, but also to show

some critical points of a commercial human spaceflight operation. space exploration technology is committed to providing the safest, most reliable and economical access to space. next slide. another way to say it would be with these two very simple equation. i cost equation and the risk equation. the risk equation basically states that if you take the probability of a feather, and multiply it times the probability of something bad happening and the event of that failure, it has to be below a certain limit. and in the cost equation says you set your requirements, those acquirements cost money and that has to be less than or able to the amount of money to have. everybody makes the cost decision when you go out to buy a car are when you go to a restaurant for dinner. i know those are very, very simple relationships, but in human space flight, especially, we seem to show a lack of

understanding of them rather repeatedly. i don't think it's so much lack of understanding as a relationship to the equations, because engineers and technical managers are really good at understanding that kind of so. i think it's something else instead. i think what happens is you become so excited and thrilled about your program, you think that anyone on the outside is going to get you more money so that you can do the extra things that you want to do. and so, the perception of how much should be available for most of us in human spaceflight business is a lot more than the amount that's really available. and so we keep running into the same all over and over. i think if we, instead look at some historical cases, i think we would find a different message. and maybe find the amount of funds that are available are less than we expect, but actually pretty consistent. so the next slide, let's talk

about the apollo. apollo was a fantastic program. the vehicle launched several times, cruise to the moon. we had one fatal mishap during training for the early missions. but in flight there were no fatalities. the actual apollo capsule launched around 14 times, i believe. with a perfect record of getting the cruise back to earth safely. but still, after a apollo 17, with three of these rockets already built, the development already done, the program was shut down basically because of operations costs. and three of those apollo and saturn rockets are sitting at kennedy space center, marshall's space flight center and the johnson space flight center as static displays. so here's a program that satisfied the risk equation, and

most of us probably at the time thought was satisfied the cost equation yet it was cut down essentially for cost. next slide. let's talk about the space shuttle. here's another program that i think has been very successful. first flight in 1981. it is still flying today and maybe find for a few more years. it's had to fatal mishaps where we lost two-seven person crew. and a little over 100 launches. there have been a couple situations where the missions haven't been fully successful. in the shuttle program were really good at declaring partial success and that something you have to be an optimist about. but the most important thing is on those partial successes we have the cruise back safely. a lot of people would say this is a very expensive vehicle, but if you look at what it can do, the cost of requirements is probably pretty much in balance with the amount of funds

available. and the reason i would stick blade that is, we're still talking out whether or not we should shut this vehicle down. we decided five years ago that we would terminate the program yet there still a lot of discussion about whether or not we would. so i would stipulate that shows it's really close to the boundary line. so next slide. now here's a vehicle that i was able to come home on in the capsule that sits on the top of the rocket. the rocket booster and the spacecraft or are both based at. this is a vehicle has been flying since the '60s. it carries three people into orbit. is set to fatal mishaps and its history, both on entry phase of flight when crews are coming home and their than five or six times when the vehicle was not able to get all the way to its goal at the international space station. or near space stations at the time. that was the middle part of its

develop in history. yet this vehicle at about $59 plus some cause for infrastructure is a vehicle that we are going to be flying on with u.s. astronaut and russian astronauts and international partner astronauts. and we shut down the shuttle for at least the next five years. and possibly longer. a lot of people would argue it's one of the first commercial ventures as far as a spacecraft. the russians have transitioned from purely government to commercial and, in fact, they are charging us money for seats. i would stipulate that this vehicle is on the good side of the risk and cost curves. and it's a good model for other commercial providers or government providers when they're trying to decide just how much capability we need any vehicle. and how to set requirements. so next slide. that's what we've done a space ask, i believe, is what taken a

look at all the different vehicles, and we have tried to benchmark against them. if you look at the positives in our concept for human carrying dragon spacecraft, you will see there is some improvements. one as we want to carry more passengers that lowers the total see cause. we want to provide the capability for an engine to fail in the first stage of life. the sohyuz doesn't have that. it hasn't been a problem. but we would like to have one extra degree of safety to be able to tolerate an engine. we were going to be using modern avionics and software, which allows to be more flexible and adds some additional operational capabilities. we also want to help -- were also going to have improved capability get out of the vehicle when you're sitting on the bed. a lot of people don't realize this on a soyuz, use it inside

of the crew capsule but to get out you have to climb up, out of a hatch that opens inward, into an orbital module. and then you have to go through to more hatch is to get out. so if there was a fire on the pad it could take you a while to get out of the vehicle. and in america that's something we're very sensitive to, since that's how we lost her one crew during a apollo. so for our dragon spacecraft, we hope to have a more streamlined rescue ability. another thing we hope to improve on from soyuz is to give the crew more insight into what's going on with the vehicle, and given capability to do things like initiate and a board. a lot of people don't know when you're a cruel man sitting on soyuz you're totally dependent on automatic systems and the ground crew to initiate an abort if something goes wrong. as a former jet pilot, i like to have is a more control than that. i would like to know where the vehicle is going and i would like to have some sort of big

red button that if i don't like what i seek i can push and get off. and so that's something we hope you have on the dragon spacecraft. and then the last thing is in in situ manufacturing and design. as an american company, there's a lot more that we can show to the folks who are buying our services and our russian partners are able to show to the u.s. government, just because of international restrictions on exchanging information and data. now, what i won't be about is the stuff where soyuz can still do things the dragon can do. i will let you figure that out by yourself, but in truth in advertising i have to that their are some things the soyuz is such a good vehicle that it can still do things that we can do with dragon. now, if you look at that cost equation requirements is what i was just talking about. you can see it's not a huge step over soyuz, but the other way you can affect the left side of

the cost equation is by efficiencies and these are some of the methods that in spacex we hope to use to improve the efficiency of our production. there's a lot of stuff there. you can read it when you get home. if you want to call it up on the internet, it's posted. but a couple of things i will point out. one is the way we do management. our senior managers are very involved in the day-to-day actions on the floor. that means when a decision has to be made, at a high level, the person has an in depth technical understanding of what's going on here and can make that decision more quickly. the second thing that i like to emphasize is the waste a sex and companies like spacex can procure services. we can let a contract very quickly, or even just go out with a handshake contract if we need to you. that's very difficult for a government organization to do.

now, you say yeah, you're taking risk when you do that. it's true. but because we can operate quickly, if we take a risk and we are wrong we can regroup quickly. and a love government contracting efforts, because you can recover quickly, you have to minimize the amount of risk you take. and that can be sort of paralyzing and real stretch out the velvet timeless. next slide. so these are some of the things based on those two equations that i think are important for any space exploration activity whether it is government land or commercial. the first thing is i think you have to acknowledge that you have limited funds, and then based on that acknowledgment, you'd need to be very realistic about the requirements that you set. from there you can try to improve the efficiency of how you do your production, your operations. and i think the matter what we do and andy mentioned this, you have to look at the optimal way to balance the participation of

the government and private industry. both have their strengths, both have their weaknesses. and you want to find the best mix between the two. the last thing i think is something that is very important today. and that's the idea of healthy competition. competition is good. it makes you stronger. it made she tried to be more efficient. you don't sit back resting on your laurels, and just letting the money roll in for your product. but on the other hand, if it goes to the extreme, it can paralyze everybody in the industry and the whole country will end up with nothing. a situation we have right now is where we are having a loud discussion opening where we should proceed with our future efforts at how much of the presidents new plan should be implemented. we could find ourselves discussing that for two years, and then after we finally got a

budget approved, we will be lucky if a contract can be in place in the government, and three to nine months. you have that time to develop a vehicles, and we could quickly be out in 22016, 2017, continuing to depend on our russian partners. so i think it's important that we find a way to work together and find a rapid way to move forward and develop whatever system we decide to develop to get into low earth orbit with our astronauts and cruise. and i think that's where the government can really lead. they can help set up the right industry teams and look for solutions that help all of us. [applause]

>> six years ago i was involved in the passage by the congress of the commercial space launch amendments act, which was to create a regulatory regime into law for commercial human spaceflight, which basically created and formed consent regime. i'm really glad we were talking about this stuff than. it would have been much harder to pass that legislation, because at that time it wasn't for seeing that nasa and the government would be the biggest customer of human space flight activities. there's been a lot of funding language and perhaps more fuzzy thinking going on about

commercial human spaceflight over the last month, last few months. as you said it's been somewhat ideological and somewhat emotional. some of that discussion has been malicious. i want to use one example to sort of lay out why this is not as radical as some people have said it is. if, you know, a congressman from west houston recently talked about how this would be like privatizing a major military system, and that was wrong and terrible. well, when an army reservist from texas called up to go to afghanistan, she grabs her bag. she catches a flight on southwest. that takes her to a staging location somewhere probably on the east coast. she then catches an air force flight, but the airplane doesn't have the air force on the outside of the. it has delta or united. because the air force buys services from those airlines under using the civil reserve

air fleet, using an established commercial terms and conditions. and they only have to get onto an air force assets, a c-130 or something like that when they get to theater. when they get there, most of the communications assets they used are commercially funded. commercially owned and operated. and the transceivers our military but most of the, assets, space, as is our commercial. all of the theater wide and in some of the tactical intelligence service reconnaissance assets our commercial. and all of the space assets were commercially launch. so it is simply not true to say that we do not for very important national need activities where lives are at stake, use commercial assets. we use them every day. now, if that vanguard organization of entrepreneurship and innovation, the pentagon can

do this, perhaps even nasa can't explore the capitalist frontier. i need to say as a disclaimer that commercial human spaceflight covers a broad range of activities in the commercial sector. it goes on everything from parabolic flights on air crash for training purposes, through suborbital space tourism and suborbital research and educational activities, all the way up through commercial crew cargo and in commercial crude delivery to isf. obviously, we're talking about much different skills of activities can much different have a requirement, much different technical requirements. however, there are some similar is in the activities. there are actually going to be hopeful that someone in a future nasa purchases of flights for experimenters on suborbital tourist vehicles and there will be a nasa safety process that determines whether not those vehicles are safe for nasa, nasa

funded scientists to fly on. so nasa will be a very smart customer for suborbital activities as well as orbital activity. so there will be some pathfinders as well as what's going on in the orbital sphere. eric laid out in a definition from u.s. national space policy of what a commercial space activity was, and then said, asked the question is a commercial that is commercial iss crew commercial by that definition? and my answer to the question is yes. it has certain characteristics. it doesn't meet all of the requirements perfectly. but i would argue that to the extent it is not purely commercial it is because government is developing this. this is not a natural evolving commercial activity. this is something where the government has a unique need that it needs to fulfill, it needs to fulfill it more urgently than would normally

come into being in a purely private market or even in a private market with the sort of in a ca style mass incidents and partnerships with industry to help promote its existence very much like the department of commerce and other parts of the government do with other industries. and nasa does in aeronautics. this is a rush job, okay? so in that sense not a purely commercial activity. it is, arguably, more than anything else a commercial style way of acquiring something that the government needs. where nasa as a very smart customer, a very well-informed customer is saying we need this, we need to buy. we can't by the way we normally buy things because we can't afford to buy what we would normally buy in the traditional manner. we need to do differently.

and how can we buy things because nasa does currently by commercial armed services that it buys other things in a commercial fashion, although it is bringing that expertise to bear on human spaceflight for the first time. and besides the space shuttle, this activity, you know, this commercial iss to deliver and transfer capability doesn't exist except in russia. now, a few things about what commercial is not. commercial is not about who nasa is buying from. to my left here is a very prestigious and very accomplished american patriot, who works for a company that is currently developing the first stage of the ares i. but that come is also a partner in a purely commercial launch vehicle called the athena, which is successfully launched nasa's next-to-last mission to the move back in the 1990s.

is an excellent commercial launch vehicle. i think will be very highly competitive in the commercial sector, both addressing government and commercial markets. and so it's not about who you buy from. you know, a tk could be a commercial county. atk can also be a government contractor, certainly the part of bowling that works on the space shuttle is not commercial. the part about his interest in commercial crew is. and if it sometimes is hard to fault the scorecard or they look a little schizophrenic, it's because they are. commercial is not about doing something that is risky and frontier edge. okay? you cannot do a follow in a commercial fashion. arguably, you could do the full all right capital and all of the kind of capabilities it is supposed to have any commercial fashion. however, 45 years actual gemini arguably it is time that nasa

can't acquire and earth capability. so you can't do the hardest possible thing, that has never and before commercially. but you can try but it would not be a very intelligent thing to do. commercial i would argue is primarily about how you buy and what you buy. first and foremost it is about fixed-price. by the way, when you develop something i fixed-price contract, you have already put private capital at risk. people need to understand that you don't need to put private capital at risk with respect to commercial markets have at risk if you sign a fixed-price debug contract, private capital is at risk of the question is whether not it is in the interest of a commercial provider to have developed that capability for whatever reasons, internal, internal needs, internal

synergies, perspective and external commercial markets, potential commercial government markets. there has to be some risk reward calculation that allows them to put some amount of private capital at risk above and beyond what they bid for the contract itself. i've been in those discussions between small commercial companies and also large companies in the government, in which they said we are putting money at risk. and the reason we're doing it because it's got this relationship to our technology roadmap or whatever. and the government does all, we did realize that, yeah, you have to eat it so i guess you have money at risk. secondly, the government needs pay-for-performance and. i don't mean that to sound pejorative. obvious the other working on the program of record, and working on cost plus develop programs are working hard and doing their best to serve the taxpayer. but the fact is that people are paid based on the unit of cause,

not based on unit of output. and so the question is how do you decide what is the appropriate set of performance criteria for during the violence so that the government is, in fact, getting back actual real-world progress towards the stated goal, as opposed to just some amount of money that has been spent to which fees and other things are added in order to decide how much to pay the contractor. and finally, it is perfectly fine to say that there should be some additional private capital at risk if there are in fact some real expectation of private markets existing or emerging. however, in the past nasa has sometimes had g., how much money are you willing to make in this business? perhaps you should give us some of the upside. okay, that is not capitalism. that is socialism. it is bad. finally, commercial is as much,

not just about how you buy things, but it's about what you buy. you cannot, nasa cannot buy the perfect system in a commercial fashion. it cannot decide what it was as it goes along in a commercial fashion. nasa has to decide up front what it needs to have, what it really needs to have. no kidding? needs to have. and can't say it and can't spell it out. okay, and he talked about requirements. you can't have it any commercial fashion. now, if you want to change the program's requirements as you go along, there are ways of doing that. they are called change orders. and they cost money. and you have to renegotiate and if that's the entire contract when you do it. which should in fact force you to discipline yourself and decide what you need up front. now, this is not easy.

this, you know, commercial isn't magic. commercial, you can do ares i and arrive in a commercial fashion and do it for a 10th of the bright or have a price or even three quarters of the price. that is not what commercial is about to get is about saying what can industry actually do now that their are sure enough they can do and it is a partnership that there will be inside an oversight and technical assistance coming from the government. but the government isn't going to be forgot what they want as they go along in partnership with industry, which is what typically happens under a cost plus develop the program. you can do that. you can't get a faster, cheaper, more affordable and arguably much more sustainable capabili capability, and have it do whatever you wanted to do as you go along. you just can't have it. so you have to be willing to say, this is what we are going

to take, this is good enough, it's not perfect, it's not we want, is that what we would design if we had more money. okay? too bad, life is rough. okay? i think it's unfortunate that commercial had become sort of the bleeding edge of the new policy and the new direction. because there's a lot to like about this budget, separate from commercial crew and the other things about it. there is an opportunity for partnerships that go well beyond commercial. and i would just hope that we can work together to try to make all parts of the budget work going forward, because speaking as a republican affiliated person, i've got to say that this president's budget is really pretty great. thank you. [applause]

>> first of all, my background is probably a little bit unique. today i heard a couple of things on saying safety by billy as a given. what i'd like to explain to, i became the chief in late 2000, the first space shuttle launch under my watch was columbia. the ill-fated mission. so i lifted a, lives to the office for a couple years after borked true to return to flight, came back on her feet. and taken a look at where do we go from here? one thing became very evident to me was a couple of things to the entire office to him by the way our frontier, ken bowersox was on orbit when the accident happened. so spend time talking to him from houston on orbit. but what we work through was where do we go, what's the right thing to do? what was interesting was initially emotional pretty rapid and some of the real high time flyers were kind of the

immediately, emotions were running rapidly. the shuttle is too risky to fly. we shouldn't play. over half of the office had never flown. they didn't care, they're going to go climb on the spatial. we came together and said where to go, what do we need to do? everything in life is a reward risk. and what that reward was told this was we have global obligations to continue to build a space station. we need to fly the ship. but the truth is the risk, we demonstrate more than 57 channels. those odds are good. when i flew in desert storm my chances of dying on a fiber one in 20,000. so when we hire the next group of assets we made it very close to them, this is a high risk endeavor that you are taking flight on the space shuttle. the other thing that became apparent is our nation and but we found it earlier, won't put up with loss of life that's a public national embarrassment.

so unfortunately we lose more lives in a month that was lost in the whole space program and the conflict in the middle east. but what's different is it's a national, when we lose a space crew, space flight crew. so the where we go is part of developing and kind of lengthy background for where i stand in line doing what i am doing. is it's got to be reliable. you have to sustain a program, for us to maintain our leadership in space, what ever it is we choose to do, we liability of that vehicle/safety has got to be our primary concern. cost in my mind is somewhat secondary, but obviously, being a huge fan, a taxpayer, i care about value. so commercial is exciting to me because i think it is an opportunity for us to look at the value, to expand our space

exploration. next slide, please pick to expand space exploration to continue at increased i. that's all what is about. increased i. as we look at the commercial vision, look at these opportunities, we say hey, this is exciting. we have folks, entrepreneurs investing their own money, coming up with innovation, developing new technologies. we as a nation need to capitalize on all of that. we need to look at everything that's out there for us to make our space program better. and better value to all of us as taxpayers. the way she do that are through space tourism. we are seeing a lot of interest in that area. where hopefully there will be increased interest as the market really there. that's a great question, but hopefully it is. we need to do this in the true

commercial sense, profit. and obviously there's an investment that that commercial industry, that commercial will supply. next slide. challenges. it's interesting. i don't think i need to talk about the challenges, the other panelist, is often pointed out. the truth is i we really care that we can make a go of it and totally commercially? i think the answer we heard is no. you can't. there's a mixture. and so you absolutely need the government involved, which is that taxpayers right thing to do. how much? that is really the question. the infrastructure we've heard, the launch sites, you probably want the government doing that. if you look at the rocket, the launch vehicle and the catholic, commercial is probably ready to go. that's probably one area where you can do it, but there's a combination. with the test by the background, we always build up new testing, kind of stepped up in fashion because you didn't want to get

surprise. i would call it going off a cliff to get the same figure for transition to commercial. we can't afford to get this wrong. we can't afford to lose our leadership in space exploration. they are i couple examples. in the atk it was pointed out we were a government so far, a commercial supply. we sell rocket motors. right now commercially to lockheed, to boeing, we are parted with lockheed on a penny, the new athena know. so we're excited about anything that has to do with spacelike out. we also recognized, and by the we were partnered with briefly before the wound of going under. again, it's kind of sad over $700 million we invested into iraq and. there was a lot of hard work. it has been to cd-r, but money was a problem. the group could never quite get there. you never know if and when it will come back. but there's some great ideas out there.

economically, it's a tough business. next slide. what i want to point out his we talked a lot about the government regulations requirements are obviously very large. and the fact is they are. to comply with the national nasa human is complies very certain number of documents. that document itself flows into a whole number of documents to other documents. and those numbers of documents drive huge requirements. but this is a result of that. this line, that one line there is actually over 200 life. that is the performance back of the solid rocket booster that is on the space shuttles back that we have been playing well over 20 years without incident. and that isn't accidental. that doesn't just happen. we have paid for the. will pay for that through requirements. next slide please.

and as you rating requirements wind up driving over 30,000 requirements. that we as a t.k. comply with. that's how we've gotten that kind of the most reliable rocket in the world. and we do is kind of a three pillar system. first of all you need a safe reliable design. so whatever we go, you need to take a hard look at the design. it needs to be safe. it needs to be reliable from the very start. that was the shuttle, actually tremendous machine. absolutely loved the space shuttle. but the fact is it's so complicated and it's not a very reliable machine. so safety son, simple. the other thing that became apparent is if you're going to lift a lot of cargo into space you want to separate the crew from cargo. you want to separate the crew from the heavy load. you absolutely have to have a

robust test certification program. you learn so much on these programs that, although they are costly and there's a certain amount of expense, it's absolutely worthwhile and required to get the kind of reliability you need. and then lastly, i'm going to be a very rigorous systems control processes all put into place to ensure that in fact you really do get there. and in general, next slide, please, if you look at 470 lunches, that we are participate in, about half and half, summit government oversight, some did not. the group to have government oversight had one-third the number of failures that those did not. so as we move into this endeavor, reliability is an absolute key attribute. we have to look at we got to balance that with cost. the requirements that jim

pointed out, that nasa needs to get right is absolutely the fact that getting those requirements to set up fun is absolutely a required to do that. and i do we have to look at a build of fashion and say hey, we have, nasa us, you know, putting $4 billion into the commercial resupply cost programs with space as an orbital to go ahead and resupply space stations on dozens of flights. we absolutely need to continue that. that could be very high payoff that i think folks will learn. they need to leverage what the learner. flow that into the crew spaceflight. we also need to, the heritage system that exist, the constellation program, has had over $9 billion invested into it. we need to leverage everything there, including those technologies from other human spaceflight programs into commercial, to follow on. so you know, the bottom line is

i think what we've heard from the majority of the panel is and i know from me is, it's an interesting trait. you know, there's better value than doing things the way they government industry does it today with 32000 requirements. on the other hand, if you don't get quite enough requirements, you going to have some fatal flaws and you don't like that outcome is. so the real trade is there. thank you. [applause] >> thanks that i really appreciated. i think we got a lot of stuff out there, and hopefully have a chance to think a little bit now and a little bit of the future. i've got probably more questions than i should have. but i'm going to go first, and they will just take it from the audience in general. what i would like to ask the audience is please don't ask proprietary questions. if you want at some report proprietary questions, see if

you can grab them on the side and get them to fester. my guess is they won't. so let's not spend a lot of time beating up on people here to review corporate trade secrets when they're not going to do it. jim alluded briefly to some commercial station characteristics. and i didn't tell them. i apologize for that, but the national space policy directive three way back in favorite of 1991, so it back to the first widget ministration, characterized commercial space activities as the provision of products and services such that and i'm paraphrasing here, private capital is at risk. there are existing or potential non-government customers for the activity. the commercial market all to lay determined the viability of the activity. primary responsibility of management initiative for the activity we side with the private sector. i think we should walk around it a little bit, but i really have

to ask, are we there with both commercial human spaceflight, and what are our prospects for getting there in commercial human spaceflight? personally i tend to be very skeptical. i don't think, i don't quite agree with jim that we have met those criteria yet, and i am not at all confident that we will meet them ever. so risk private capital is at risk, existing non-government customers, potential customers, commercial market determine the outcome of the activity, and responsibly lies with private sector. can you talk about how you look at the market in answering those four criteria? if you could. anybody? >> i'll go first. what i would say is the one criteria their to me is the commercial market, the size of the commercial market. and who the government is going to kick this off, the government is the biggest customer to start

with. there are other customers, but if you look at the amount of capital the government will invest first, they will really be driving the initial effort. now, what they will be enabling is the start of the commercial market. and that is that we would all hope will happen. but you can't say, like you mentioned, you can't say we are there now. >> right. andy, you talked about having to some long-term studies. i think we have seen sort of the commercial market, you could argue, and tourism over the last 10 years. i argue that it's not going to satisfy any of these criteria, but however realistic do you think it is that the government activity now will get us there? >> let me start by commenting on market. maybe studies exactly cry. maybe other studies are correct that the problem with the market isn't just that it's not a terribly large market, which

does have some technical challenges to it. but just the uncertainty of it. i mean, we really have no idea and beyond -- i don't know how many people have flown on soyuz, but the fact that there were -- seven people? that they are reflexive just there's not an unlimited line of people waiting to fly on soyuz. so the real world data that we have isn't really encouraging. so i think what worries us in putting our capital at risk is more the uncertainty than the size. and we have some certainty about the size, we could invest appropriate. but we don't. >> are we really looking at a situation where the activity that we're looking at is not commercial so much as it is truly a different way of contacting of the private sector? right now we contracted government contracts. there are $6 billion in 30, ostensibly for development. there may be more for services.

in a we just talk about a shift in the with the government relates to the private sector, not so much beauty government of the new commercial market? >> there some of that going on, but i think it's important to emphasize that even a small amount of purely commercial investment or charges for tickets can really be a big enabler for a company. because the company can be so much more flexible with that piece of the money coming in. government money, once you get it and it's yours, you can spend it the way you want to. but it brings a lot of restrictions with it. even a small amount of commercial money unrestricted can be leveraged to allow you to do a lot more than you would think. >> so, err, let me address this question specifically. the question that we are all wrestling with is just how different, and i would like to come back a little bit to what you post earlier, that i think at the front end, on the development side of it, it's

just going to be really difficult to get to, to anything like the kind of hurdles that you are pointing at with nspd-3. when you get to the operations side, i mean, i think then you can start to look at something where you really would be looking at face price. you would be looking at, as i think jim pointed out, very quickly, capital at risk because if you're off operating fixed budget, as we do on all of our national launches and our air force launches as well. as well. we are putting our capital at risk if we overrun, we eat it. 's so i think it's important to understand the differences between the development side when requirements are going to be uncertain. 32000 requirements is an astonishing number when you think that that only applies, transit, is owing to the sr ins? [inaudible] >> that's awfully difficult to

quantify that anything like a fixed-price contract. but when you get to the operations side you have stable requirements. i think at that point you can operate on a much more commercial like basis. >> well, fortunately, one of you, boy things you can do a simple capsule on a fixed-price basis. with sufficient funds. i mean, nasa's going to have to design this procurement where they are willing to pay heritage contracted and obscene commission recommended, or stipulated, where they're willing to pay heritage contractors that have been involved successfully in human spaceflight systems for nasa for 50 years. you know, more than they are willing to pay emerging companies that have not yet demonstrated human spaceflight capabilities. . .

because we have an and we haven't gone beyond it. i'm not suggesting that the commercial industry should be tolerated to be less safe, but commercial companies are motivated to be safe also.

it's in there a financial interest to be safe, it's in their corporate interests to be safe, and you cannot pursue markets beyond the government market without that kind of safety. finally, at a minimum, even if you except that there is no current burgeoning private demand for these services, and therefore it's hard to forecast that over the long term the private market will dominate the successor -- success or a failure of this industry which is one of the requirements in the policy document, you quoted, three out of for a bad. and even if this is ju[t for a commercial procurements as opposed to an actual purely commercial entirely commercial activity, the fact is that that

step is required to get to the next. if you want to accelerate. if you want to wait for it to come into being and you want to say that the government current demandç for human space flight services is not going to be used to actually cause a private capability to come into being because we are born to hands that segment off and youç haveo have a private demand brought in to have a capability grow up and then talk to the privateç capabilities for buying from them, your postponing the arrival of a industry for decades and i just don't think that's cost-effective, i don't think it's american and i don't think it's a good idea. >> is there something in between like it to track strategy like a commercial center in? the theory was there was a huge commercial market for this and it turned out not to be the case

and most folks in the industry will tell you without nba by their seven committing long term contracts they wouldn't exist. every time they come out with multi-year procurement with one winner the other threatens to quit in you have seen peopleç exit from that industry. the are we running the risk of a sort of itç the too much too soon? their soul is the question of be careful what you wish for and the government shows up with a check and says they will help you. is there a chance and that this industry is just not ready and with the government intervention it's not going to get the requirements. you run the risk of having a tug of war and having to assess the requirements, one of the faa and another from nasa which some senators have indicated will be the case. some folks at nasa have indicated will be the case. and we may come to regret sort of taking this approach early.

that's a question, i don't have the answer. >> i will jump up and say your question is appropriate. the fact is there are huge challenges when you step out of a world been operating in that may not be the best value you're it if you try to do this transition to quickly you may be very well as setting yourself up for an earlier and that's why even with who has control over this, faa can save you because nasa has a experience. so the two absolutely need to were together on how you can govern putting the rules of board for human spaceflight commercially, maybe you start adding up and put the faa breaking in and having their teeth on the flights and turn that portion where the risk isn't as high as actually going into orbit. then over time transition. so my mind our space program is

one of the things in the u.s. we are extremely proud of it. it's one of the areas where we are the world leaders. if we don't do this transition right we are jeopardize in not being leaders anymore and even in the commercial world of competing you are competing globally. the sole use starting at 20 million, the price has gone way up now that the shadow is not going to be flying anymore with government to government but in the commercial world it's a global environment. unless the demand is so great, we've got to be able to compete with their price points. so we need to lookç not just at our nation but globally around the world. eventually we might see china and india as well offering up seats. about to be able to compete in that environment commercial. >> transition has to be very

gradual pierre unfortunately it's a little bit more attractive to goç spend timeçt the cape and prepare for your launched their then it is -- there are other non financial with incentives were buying from america -- american commercial industry. i think you're right. listen, there's no question this a challenge and there's no question that as it is suggested for the beginning nasa could screw this out. unfortunately, because we have a invested $9 billion in five years tried to replicate apollo, when what weç needed to do was open the frontier, much as dr. laurie leshin indicated it was in the original commission report, we don't have the luxury of a lot of extra time and a lot of -- certainly we don't have the luxury of a lot of extra money.

we can either demonstrate american leadership by continuing to do what we voice them before we can actually try capitalism. we can actually try innovative partnership between the government and private-sector including most especially established firms like you l.a., boeing, lockheed, like where they are interested in atk as well as spacex in sierra nevada in meeting this need that is an absolutely essential need it. it's not just required to have some human access to space station. gosh darn it, 15 years ago we were dealing with the challenges of funding and building the space station. when we were congressional staffers to gather and i want this to be a success. i wanted to be frequent affordable flexible of robust access to iss so that scientists don't have to go up there for six months and then go up for a month at a time. i think that it's going to be

technological research at iss and you are going to see new partners in marriage, you're going to see new commercial users and do federal agencies to emerge and users of iss and the demand will grow as it becomes cheaper to get there and more possible to get their. i think we're going to see an explosion of activity at iss we need to have that happen because iss has to be a success. if it isn't a success and we're just talking. it really will just be a purelyç governmental activity forever and that will not be in fundamentally american activity anymore. it will be something that only governments do as luxuries and that would be very sad. >> to me that's the real upside of what we'reç talking about wh a new approach and that's more

to iss, more access. if you look at what's going on at the johnson space center in and ask an office right now, they're looking at having to send astronauts away who don't fit in the users are who do want to take the time to live in training and russia because that's the requirement for going to the space station. some may not remember when we first guarded with is as we were going to basically fly 28 people per year to the station, seven person crews, three months at a time for 28 slots a year. now we have six people up there for six months which is only 12 slots a year. if we have more vehicles, more seats in the station, your really widened the way that you can use the iss and allow us to achieve full potential of that huge investment. >> i think it was policies and of a private obligation of the united states government to provide. it gets worse. thank you, let's hear what we

all had to say and some questions. one. >> one thing noticeably missing from the president's space program is and is support of congress otherç than maybe congressman or balk. any thoughts or comments about this with support on the hill in the majority party and of the chances of is getting through without that? >> i think a lot of people in congress are frankly holding their opinions. they're waiting to see it as dr. laurie leshin talked about earlier a little bit more of the details butç i also frankly thk that they're waiting for the administration to connecting the dots. i am amazed at how substantively rich proposals of the budget is, but how rhetorically week it is.

in this budget opens the space frontier. this budget makes it possible for americans to settle the solar system. this budget is everything i've ever wanted to see in a nasa budget. they just don't say it, they don't actually take credit for it which is mind boggling. almost as mind-boggling as the president's food and other policies fierce is regularly called a socialist is proposing capt. this approach to space while it republicans in congress are saying that it's bad and evil. i've given the title is on every day, randy. [laughter] and is very strange but i -- i think as they come out with the conference in a few weeks in florida they begin to be connecting the dots and layç ot more from i think congress will get on board and a voice said the president's lead on space policy -- this is going to be the same year. you are going to see congress

get on board. will take time. i think there's a lot of people in congress to frankly haven't accepted in the consolation that was unsustainable. and you can see members of congress even now going to the stages of grief. you know, they have gone to the and the nile. most of them are through denial, some of them are definitely still in favor, some are in negotiation tried to the ground if we kept this part of the program or that part of the program. wouldn't that be ok? the one built in my district. fine. this is sausage. it's not pretty, we will see what comes out but hopefully most of the core program will survive. i'm sorry for the long answer. >> i have a question for ken

bowersox. indeed, laid out what you guys see as a way that this can work and talk about how and balance shouldn't be fixed and is pretty good startingç proposals. what are counterproposals assuming you don't agree 100%? >> well, i think i believe it makes sense is you start with a space after agreement type arrangement where the company contributes some funding and the government contributes partial funding and sets a high level requirements. initial developments are small. you have esmont payment from the government over seen the government effort and then as that development effort to sort of reaches a critical mass then in you that a bigger contract in. similar to the way the cargo services stations were handled. i thought that went really well and is going well as we work with nasa.

>> in terms of contract does that actually specify money for development or is it all paying for service and then you have to use it? >> the way it works and larry williams is here and you should correct me if i get this wrong, the way it works is we have milestones that we have to me as we go on, preparing for the missions for cargo. so even though we are not carrying cargo yet we are getting some money from the commercial services contract and that'sç based on basically i wouldn't call them development milestones by production milestones as we put the vehicles together to accomplish thisç mission. >> i work for congressman ron barker but i have a question, some of us for even launched last week as secretary higdon

was talking about the four satellites that they need to put up in the next. he was talking about reliability. he said that we cannot have it launch failure. now, understanding there's a differenceç between puttingç people up and satellites out, is there really a huge tariffs between the reliability of those launches vs watching people? >> i was going to guess that was directed at me but go ahead and. >> the short answer is we don't really know. in other words, we've got very rigorous process is in place that we think are about asç god as they can be to insure the reliability. we've got customers that are serious about reliability. when you get spacecraft that are multibillion-dollar space craft but beyond that space craft that are -- at least better irreplaceable over sometime in

the upon him and thousands of war fighters lives depend. iç mean, that customer is very very serious about reliability. now as i suggest to my remarks, we have our processes before it mission insurance. we have at the way we've developed and operate are available who -- vehicle and we think that's really good. we really need to sit with nasa safetyç commission assurance ad honest in their processes are and what works really well for them. i think we believe that by the time they actually go through that will translation process whereby to find what we're doinç is close to what needs the spaceflight but honestly this can't happen soon enough. we really need toçç sit down h nasa and work through thoseç requirements and. >> to do it now because of there's one thing we all have in common across this panel is a fear ofç the province and

stability. that's the thing that probably is one of the worst diseases and program can suffer from and is particularly dangerous in this case where you've got 32,000 requirements you are trying to work down from.ç bois it is in many ways maybe not the key issue but it's really up there. >> i would answer and say there absolutely is the difference and that's the reason you have human requirements and the reason to build an high reliability and vehicles that flight crew. it's absolutely if you think about my daughter, if she were going to climb on the space shuttle for example or any vehicle i'm very concerned. the more reliable it is and the more devastating is become the absolute better and the fact is that the design is key as well.

you want to design and simple and minimize the number of stages. you want to minimize the number of moving parts or were you have players. so you're absolutely look for design that's going to give inherently the best of liability on top of that he put on chris tape which is something you can to launching satellites. you wouldn't ever parachute the satellite back down and at the same time some of these satellites putç into words are somewhat unique, there are extremely expensive and so gary payton is absolutely right, we've got to walk be reliably putting these satellites intoç orbit. >> i think it would foul-up, a general chilton was clear that the margin is a tune -- it is now gone and nothing in the pipeline that he can move out if you is a satellite so if you lose its mission is a net loss to were fighters so his requirement for reliability is in specific to the rockets.

it's to deliver capability to the were fighters. in doesn't happen anymore. >> lives are depending on the verge human spaceflight we can get confused with the term safety and reliability and i've had people say why do you need to use the word save the if you are reliable your here's why. if you have a vehicle is reliable as long asç it's reliable you don't have a problem but on the day it fails the next up is how does it fail. we will trace system that carries cruise to bail in a safe way. what that means is to be able into having your roosted system function or you would like to have that chance of failure be so low that you don't need a christine system and minister going to all the trades i thank you will find is rockets and then carry humans with will

theoretically you could get away with less reliability if you have a way of getting off safely every time. but it doesn't work out that way. which you find out is you actually need to be more reliable because the safety systems better within our technology today are difficult to implement. >> we -- i was wondering if you could compare with you think are the reliability and safety of it at less compared to the safety show? >> as a technical question i don't have the details in front of me. what if you want those numbers offline you certainly have not our reliability figures for allyson. 9985 something along those. >> into the higher than the current reliability of the space

shuttle? >> i will let otherç people --i beg your pardon? >> one and 63. >> is higher than one in 63.ç >> forç those of us who have bn around with me sitting for years from now we're going. >> in the same room with the same folks talking about the next edition because any of us in this room will have the experience we were part of the team selling the space shuttle in the early '80s that 540 times a year, fine commercial spacecraft and then in a few years later i was involved in commercial titans and riverç involved with the venture stars and going to fire four times a year bob ley in the skies with all sorts of spacecraft and people. so it seems like we can sustain a program beyond four years unless we have a cold war going on or international partners that we can get out of

agreements. so what makes us think this is going to be different this go around? >> one there are companies, some of them large companies to believe that they can apply the capsule on existing proven at less five within four years. you can either believe them or not. unwed if they are right and things will be going on in four years and you will see actual progress. what doesn't work is long development programs that don't actuallyç produceç results vie and demonstrated results for periods of a decade. and the situations you do need to have i would argue that apollo actually because of high mercury in jam and i actually had a lot of successful demonstrations on the web for

learning purposes etc. appear in but otherwise you're stuck with the iss model and i don't think we wantç that. he has to the pena started out with your question, yes, some of us have been two that party. if i am. four years please shoot me. [laughter] i don't want to be talking about another change in direction. >> we can always hope for change. this time is still prepared with that i think we have expired and got a little over, we appreciate the panel coming in and you got some good inside and hopefully a lot to think about. they give. [applause] [inaudible conversations] [inaudible conversations]

president obama announced expansion of offshore oil and gas drilling. the plan would allow drilling along the atlantic coastline south of delaware. the eastern gulf of mexico, and the north coast of alaska. from joint base interest outside washington is remarks just under 30 minutes. >> we areç here today because americans have waited long enough for the energy security that they have been promised for decades. it was a 1970's when president nixon first coined the term energy independence and presidents ever since then for both parties have promised to deliver on that goal. yesterday america and america's families are still feeling their cars with fuel from deserts'

better half a world away. our economy still rides the highs and lows of world oil prices and our children are asking miller we leave behind the same old energy policy that has failed us for the last 40 years? or is now the time for change? president obama has made it clear that we are not here to do what is easy. we are here to do what is right. to make the hard choices. to succeed four others have failed mike finally cutting dependence on one whale of a building clean energy economy that has been more secure andi] prosperous and protecting our children from the dangers of pollution. since president obama took office, we have made great progress toward this goal. we're standing up windç turbins on the plains and solar plants all across our debt -- deserts' and making our grid's smarter in the next generation of nuclear

power safer. we've made the largest investment in renewable energy in our history and we're fighting to but the united states back on top in the technologies that will shape the next century. it's and i have erased we cannot afford to lose that china or india or in one house one. all the things will help us cut our independence on foil butç o single energy sources and have. oil, gas, coal, nuclear, sun, wind, geothermal, biofuels among hydropower, they all need to be on the table. so today is part of our comprehensive energyç plan for the country we are announcingç how we will responsibly expand oil and gas exploration and development on the outer continental shelf and our strategy calls for expanded development and production in new areas such as the eastern gulf of mexico, where we can develop resources that are more than 125 miles off of the

florida coast also moving forward with significant new oil and gas exploration in frontier areas such as the arctic ocean in areas in the atlantic where we must first determine whether there exists oil and gas reserves and then secondly determine if we can develop them appropriately. and we are protecting areas of ourç coast like alaskas bristol bay better simply too important for us to develop. bristol bay, some ofç the worls most important fisheries including one of the largest salmon runs in the world. people come from across the globe to see its bears, whales, the seals and the bald eagles in its national treasure that we must protect. to gather our efforts to explore, develop and protect represent a new direction from the past. a change from the past on the

outer continental shelf. after years of lawsuits and political battles we're bringing much-needed order uncertainty to learnç nation's offshore leasig programs. this order insurgency will come from our commitment to ensuring that development occurs in the right places and the right way is in a manner that the tax our precious environment. that we're making decisions based on sound information and sound science, much of which still has to be developed. that we're listening to the communities that are most affected by developments and that we're following the law and have rarely process for exploration and development. and finally that american taxpayers are getting a fair return on the use of their resources. these of the principles that will guide our offshore energy future. .. juan

>> the strategy we are

announcing today heeds president roosevelt's caution. it stays true to our values as americans and allow us to responsibilitily resand oil, gas, exploration and development in the offshore of protecting the places that we love most. we are fortunate that in these times and this 21st century as we face all of the issues across the world and here domestically that we have president obama in place as our leader on all of these efforts. for president obama understands that to do what is right for the country we must rise above the political battles of the moment. energy security is not a democratic or a republican issue. it is an american issue. it is an american issue's who's time has come. ladies and gentlemen, help me welcome the president of united states of america, barack obama.

[applause] [applause] [applause] [applause] proximate cause last? president obama: thank you, everybody. thank you, please have a seat. i have a few introductions quick before i start my remarks. first of all, by the end of the tenure we're going to know that ken salazar is one of the finest

secretaries we've ever had. give him a round of applause. [applause] other members of our green here are here: steven chu, our secretary of energy, martha johnson, the administration of the gsa, nancy sutley, the ceq chair. we've got carol browner, who's the white house energy and chime change director, please give them a big round of applause. they put in a lot of work. [applause] president obama: governor martin o'malley is here. governor of maryland. ray mawuk, secretary of the navy is here. [applause] admiral gary roughhead, chief of naval operations are here. we appreciate his outstanding service. thank you, gary. [applause] president obama: to i want thank

you steven shepro, the base commander here at andrews, and the leadership here from the air force, marine corp, and coast guard. ken and i were colleagues in the senate. and i appointed him because i knew that he would be a faithful and pragmatic steward of our natural resources. and as secretary, he is changing the way that the interior department does business. so that we're responsibly developing traditional sources of energy and renewable sources of energy, from the wind on the high plains to the suns in the desert to the waves off of our coast. and so i'm very grateful to the work that he's done. and it will be culminating in the announcements done today. it's so good to see so many members of our air force here today. andrew is the home of air force one, and i appreciate everybody that you do for me and my family. i should point out that you have

a 100% on time departure record, you don't charge for luggage, so it's a pretty good deal. and i want to thank you not only for the support that you provide me, but also for the service that you perform to keep our country safe each and every day. so i'm very grateful to all of you. we're here to talk about america's energy security. an issue that's been a priority for my administration since the day i took office. already, we've made the largest investment in clean energy in our nation's history. it's an investment that's expected to create or save more than 700,000 jobs across america -- jobs manufacturing advanced batteries for more efficient vehicles, upgrading the power grid so that it's smarter and stronger, doubling our nation's capacity to generate renewable electricity from sources like the wind and the sun. and just a few months after taking office, i also gathered

the leaders of the world east largest auto makers, the heads of labor unions, environmental advocates, and public officials from california and across the country to reach a historic agreement to raise fuel economy standards in cars and trucks. after tomorrow, after decades in which we have done little to increase auto efficiency, those new standards will be finalized, which will reduce our dependence on oil while helps folks spend a little less at the pump. so my administration is upholding it's end of the deal. we expect all parties to do the same. and i'd also point out, this rule about increase the mileage standards will save 1.8 billion barrels of overall. 1.8 billion barrels of oil. like that's like 58 million cars off of the road for an entire year. today, we're also going to go

one step further. in order to save energy and taxpayer dollars, my administration -- led by secretary chu at energy as well as administrator johnson at ga -- gsa, is doubling the number of hybrid vehicle vehicles in the federal fleet. we're going to lead by example cutting waste, saving energy, and reducing our reliance on foreign oil. but we have to do more. we need to make continued investment in clean coal and advanced biofuels. a few weeks ago, i announced loan guarantees to break ground on the first new nuclear facility in three decades. a project that will create thousands of jobs. in the short term as we transition to cleaner energy sources, we still have to make some tough decisions about opening new offshore areas for oil and gas development in ways

that protect communities and protect coastlines. this is not a decision that i've made lightly. it's one that ken, and i, as well as carol browner, my energy advisor, looked at closely for more than a year. but the almost line is this: given our energy needs in order to sustain economic growth and produce jobs and keep our businesses competitive, we are going to need harness traditional sources of fuel even as we ramp up production of new sources of renewable, homegrown energy. today we're announcing the expansion of offshore oil and gas exploration. but in way that is balance the need to harness domestic energy resources and the need to protect america's natural resources. under the leadership of secretary salazar, we'll employ new tech nothing to reduce the impact of oil exploration. we'll protect areas that are vital to tourism, the environment, and our national

security. and we'll be guided not by political ideology, but scientific evidence. that's why my administration will consider potential areas in the development for mid and south atlantic and the gulf of mexico, while studying and protecting sensitive areas in the arctic. that's why we'll continue to support development of leased areas off of the north slope of alaska, while protecting alaska's bristol bay. there already those who strongly disagree with that decision. including those who say we should not open any new areas to drilling. but what i want to emphasize is this announcement is part of a broader strategy that will move us from an economy that runs on fossil newels and foreign oil to one that relies more on homegrown fuels and clean energy. and the only way this transition will succeed is if it strengthens our economy in the short term and the long run. to fail to recognize this reality would be a mistake.

now on the other side, there are going to some who argue that we don't go nearly far enough. who suggest we should open all of our waters to energy exploration without any restriction or regard for the border environmental and economic impact. and to those folks, i've got to say this: we have less than 2% of the world's oil reserves. we consume more than 20% of the world's oil. and what that means is that drilling alone cannot come close to meeting our long-term energy needs. and for the sake of our planet and our energy infinance, we need to -- independence, we need to begin the transition to cleaner fuels now. the answer is not drilling everywhere all the time. but the answer is not also for us to ignore the fact that we are going to need vital energy sources to maintain our economic growth and our security. ultimately, we need to move beyond the tired debates of the left and the right, between business leaders and

environmentalists, between those who would claim drilling is a cure all, and those who would claim it has not place. because this issue is just too important to allow our progress to languish while we fight the same old battles over and over again. for decades we've talked about how our dependence on foreign oil threatens our economy -- yet our will to act rises and falls with the price of a barrel of oil. when gas gets expensive at the pump, sudden everybody is an energy expert president when it goes back down, everybody is back to their old habits. for decades we've talked about the threat to future generations posed by our current system of energy. even as we can see the mounting evidence from the climate change to the arctic circle to the gulf coast. and this is particularly relevant to all of you who are serving in uniform. for decades, we've talked about the risk to our security created by dependence on foreign oil, but that dependence is actually grown year after year after year

after year. and while our politics has remained entrenches along those worn divides, the ground has shifted beneath our feet. around the world, countries are seeking an early morning in the global marketplace by investing in new ways of producing and saving energy. from china to germany, these nations recognize that the nation that leads the clean energy economy will be the country that leads the global economy. and meanwhile, here at home, as politicians in washingtons debate endlessly about whether to act, our own military has determined that we can no longer afford not to. some of the press maybe wondering why we are announcing offshore drilling in a hangar at andrew air force base. well, if there's not doubt about the leadership that our military is showing, you just need to look at that f-18 fighter and the light-armored vehicle behind me. the army and marine corp have

been testing this vehicle on a mixture of biofuels. and this navy fighting jet -- appropriately called the greenhorn et -- will be flown for the first time in just a few days on earth day. if tests go as planned, it will be the first plane ever to fly faster than the speed of sound on a fuel mix that is half biomass. the air force is also testing jet engines using biofuels and had the first successful biofuel-powered test flight just last week. i don't want to drum up any kind of rivalry here, but -- [laughter] president obama: now the pentagon isn't seeking these alternative fuels just to protect our environment, they are pursues these homegrown energy sources to protect our national security. our military leaders recognize the security imperty of increasing the use of alternative fuels, decreasing energy use, reducing our reliance obvious inported oil,

making ourselves more energy-efficient. that's why the navy, led by secretary mabus, who is here today, has set a goal of using 50% alternative fuels in all planes, vehicles and ships in the next 10 years. that's why the defense department has invested $2.7 billion this year alone to improve energy efficiency. so moving towards clean energy is about our security. it's also about our economy. and it's about the future of our planet. and what i hope is that the policies that we've laid out -- from hybrid fleets to offshore drilling -- underscores the seriousness in which my administration take this is challenge. it's a challenge that requires us to break out of the old ways of thinking. to think and act anew. it requires each of us, private, public, military, or in the

civilian side of government, to think about how could we be doing things better? how would we be doing things smarter? so that we have no longer feathered to the whims of what happened somewhere in the middle east or with other major oil-producing nations. so i'm open to proposals from my democratic friends and my republican friends. i think that we can break out of the broken politics of the past when it comes to our energy policy. i know that we can come together to pass comprehensive energy and climate legislation that's going to foster new energy -- new industries, create millions of new jobs, protect our planet, and help us become more energy independent. that's what we can do. that is what we must do. and i'm confident that is what we will do. so thank you very much. and thanks, again, to all of you who are serving in our armed services. you are making an enormous

contribution, and this is just one example of the leadership that you're showing. thank you very much. [applause] >> president obama: thank you. [applause] [applause] ♪ ♪ ♪

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>> coming up shortly at 4:30 eastern, the president will deliver closing remarks at the white house forum on workplace flexibility. but before that, opening remarks from first lady michelle obama earlier today. it's under 10 minutes. >> hello, every. welcome to the white house sort of. we're across the street. it's good to have you all here. i want to thank valerie for that kind introduction and her outstanding work not just on this issue, but so many overs and her friendship and support. and the staff that has organizized the conference. this is just a wonderful way to spend an afternoon on an important issue. i'd also like to thank all of the outstanding members of this administration who are here for

taking the time to be here today. and i want to thank every one who's joined us to share their ideas and expertise on this critically important topics. thank you for taking the time. as valerie today, we've come here today to have a conversation about workplace flexibility. an important part of balancing our responsibilities as employees, breadwinners, mothers, fathers, sons, daughters, husbands, and wifes, it's an issue that many folks have struggled with for so many years. one that we as society really hasn't quite figured out yet. as the parents of two beautiful young daughters, it is an issue that is particularly important to me and my husband as you know, as valerie said, i'm talked about this so often. and it is true in our current life. we are incredibly blessed. we have amazing resources and support systems here at the white house that i could have

never imagined. number one of them is having grandmother living upstairs. [laughter] >> we all need one of those. so can you figure that out? but we didn't always live in the white house. and for many years before coming to washington, i was a working mother. doing my best to juggle the demands of my job with the needs of my family with a husband who has crazy ideas. [laughter] >> as i've said before, i consider myself as many of us in this room do is 120%. which means if i'm not doing something at 120%, i feel like i'm failing. i know you can relate. while i did the best that i could at work and at home, i felt like i wasn't keeping up with either one of them enough. and i was lucky. i had understanding bosses, very accommodating jobs, in fact, in the last job that i had before coming to the white house, i remember this clearly. i was on maternity leave with

sasha, still trying to fig your out what to do -- figure out what to do with my life and i got a call for the senior position at the hospital. okay. here we go. i had to look for babysitting. i packed up that little infant and i put her in the stroller and i brought her with me. and i prayed that her presence wouldn't be an automatic disqualifier. and it was fortunate for me that number one, she slept through the entire interview. and i was still breast-feeding, if that's not too much information. and i got the job. i know i was lucky number one, i was interviewing with the president that had just had a child himself and was very understanding and open minded. i know that most folks are nowhere near as lucky as i was. particularly right now with the job market the way it is, many folks can't afford to be picky about the jobs that they take.

many folks don't have access to any kind of family leave policy whatsoever. so flexible working arrangements, many people don't even have a paid sick day. so they are struggling, struggling every day to find affordable child care or someone to look after an aging parent which is becoming more the issue. scrambling to make things work when the usual arrangements fall through. all of us has been through that. so they spend a lot of time hoping and praying that everybody will work out just perfectly. i remember those days. just the delicate balance of perfection. and as all of the parents in this room know, it's never perfect. ever. but here's the thing: as we all know here today, it just doesn't have to be that way. it doesn't have to be that hard. and that's something that i learned from myself not just as an employee but as a manager. when i discovered that the more

flexibility that i gave to my staff to be good parents and i valued that, the happier my staff was likely to be in the greater chance they were to stay and not leave. because they knew they might not find the same kind of flexibility somewhere else. so it's something that many of the companies here today have discovered. very fortunately that flexible policies actually make employees more, not less, productive. because as y'all know, instead of spending time what's happening at home, your employees have the support and peace of mind that they desperately need to concentrate on their work. y'all are pioneering the innovative ideas and best practices to make balancing work and family lives better for your employees and better for your bottom line. you are doing so much on providing discount for child care, setting up scholarships to

help pay for college. many of you are offering compressed workweek and mentoring programs that connect new parents or care givers with folk that is have been through it before. you are giving employees the right to even approach you and have an open and honest conversation about how to create a more flexible schedule. that is critical. so here in the federal government, we're trying to follow your lead. putting our money where our mouth is to adopt more of those best practices from expanding tell work access to provideing emergency child care and more affordable day care. and that's why this administration supports the healthy families act. which would let millions more working americans earn up to 7 days a year of paid sick time to care for themselves and their families. doesn't seem like a lot. but it's important. these are just a few of the

examples of that we're going to be talking about today. and i'd looking forward to hearing me many ideas that the ways that you are figuring out how to make the issues for the employees. we are excited today to learn about the ideas, the best practices, what many of you have done to support your employees and boost your bottom line at the same time. so with that, i want to again thank you y'all. i want to thank you for the work that you have done in your companies to set the tone. i want to thank you for taking the time to share your ideas with us today. so now my work is done. i can now turn it over to claire and the panel and you guys will figure this out out. >> 45 minutes. >> that's right. 45 minutes. shorter than health care. right? a little. [applause] >> thanks so much. >> thank you. [applause]

why first lady michelle obama from earlier today on the white house forum from workplace flexibility. in just a couple of minutes, we'll hear live from president obama. white we wait for the president, a couple of stories that we're following. associated prez writing that reversing the ban on oil drilling off most u.s. shores. president obama today announced a new policy to put oil and natural gas and waters along the southern coastline, eastern gulf, and part of alaska, speaking at andrew's air force base outside of washington. president obama said this is not a decision i have made lightly. you can see the president's remarks on 8 p.m. eastern time and also on c-span.org. another story from congressional quarterly. it's a help rebuild haiti after a devastating earthquake in

january. the u.s. government pledged $1.5 billion in aid to donors conference today. secretary of state, hillary rodham clinton made the announcement at the opening cosponsored by washington and the united nations. you can see that also in prime time on c-span. going now to the conference on workplace flexibility. president obama expected to speak briefly. >> by making our workplaces more flexible. at the start of another transformational period in american business, andy grove of intel said there are two kinds of businesses, those that use e-mail, and those that will. today, flexibility is the new e-mail. there are employers that have it and there are those that will.

[applause] >> as an hr practitioner, it is clear to me that helping brings our life and career goals make sense for all of us. when we allow a new mother or father to work from home part time, we retain their valuable skills and keep on getting a return on investment for the valuable training that we have made. we promise you that we will take today's exciting ideas back to our federal workplace. and judging by the buzz that have been in the rooms and work groups today, the ceos and leaders here will also take them back to their workplaces as well. with a little encouragement from the corporate voices challenge that valerie jarrett mentioning in the opening session.

flexibility will work when we define the results that each worker and team is responsibility for. and then hold them to account. we've already started in my agency. and i am very pleased to announce today that opm has signed up two of the leaders in our flexibility field in the country, the creators of the result only work environment, or r.o.e., cally and jodi thompson. they are both here today. i'd ask them to stand and be recognized. callie and jodi started in the private sector in best buy. then they wrote a book on why work sucks and how to fix it. since then i've branched out bringing r.o.e. to other companies, the local government workplace, and beginning today, the federal workplace.

over the next eight months, they are going to work with us to implement r.o.e. for 400 workers at the office of personnel management, including my own staff. so i will be watching as will our independent evaluator. if it's not working, we'll go back to the drawing board. but if it does work and i believe it will, it will become the corner stone in our effort to make the federal government the model employer for the 21st century as well as meet the president's challenge to make government cool again. success -- [applause] >> success will send a powerful message. because if flexibility can succeed in the federal government, the unrivaled importance, complexity, and variety of our missions, as well as our red tape, quite frankly,

it can succeed anywhere. our next speaker knows something about tell work and the culture we're trying to create. connected wherefore he goes, he's able to work from ohio in the morning, washington in the afternoon, and on the plane in between. he and his staff expect to be reachable anywhere. so work can go on where ever they are. and he still has time to watch his daughters play basketball. now to speak a little more about the importance, especially in our challenging economic times, of harnessing the benefits of the flexibility revolution for both productivity and work life balance, it is the highest honor and privilege of my life to introduce to you a man i like to call our tell worker in chief.

a man i could not be prouder to have as my boss, the president of the united states, barack obama. [applause] president obama: thank you. thank you, everybody. hello, hello. thank you. thank you, everybody. [applause] president obama: please, please, have a seat. first, one caveat, i will not be as good as michelle. so keep your expectations lower. i want to fist of all acknowledge john berry for the extraordinary work he's doing here and for helping to organize this, thank you, john. we've got. [applause] president obama: in addition, we have secretary hilda soles is

here, dr. christina romer, where you are christina? right there. [applause] president obama: valerie jarrett, senior advisor and chair of the white house council on women and girls. [applause] president obama: ms. melonie barnes, i saw her run off to the garden. but she's not here. karen mills who is the administrator for our small business administration. and ms. martha johnson, administrator of the general services administration. so i understand you've had a wonderful session. i heard autoabout -- all about it. and i want to thank all of you today for sharing your thoughts on what we can do as business leaders, advocates, employees, and government officials to modernize our workplaces to meet

the needs of our work force and our families. all of us here today know just how wide that gap as grown. we are all familiar with the economic and demographic changes that have brought us to this point. however, the past generation or two the cost as risen and wages flagged, many families have found they can no longer survive on just one income. at same time, we've opened up more opportunities so more women as entered into the work force, bringing home paychecks that are critical to supporting families. today, 2/3 of american families with kids are headed by two working parents or a single working parent. and the result is the rise of what one expert i know refers to as the juggler family. for these families, every day is a high-wire act. everybody is scheduled right down to the minute. there's no room for error. if the car breaks down or somebody gets sick or there's a problem at school, that beginning a cascading domino

effect that leaves everybody scrambling. i have to say this is something that michelle and i have struggled with in our own family. as she told you earlier today, it wasn't that long ago that both of us were working full time outside the home while raising two daughters. i was away from home days on end, and michelle was working hard at hers. a lot of times we felt like we were barely keeping things today. when we were at home, we were worrying about home, when we were home, we were worrying about work. we felt like our schedules were taking a toll on our marriage. we had is easy, good health care, wonderful mother-in-law, grandmother, who could help out. we had to ship her in, even in the white house. we both had jobs where we could rework our schedules in an emergency would risking being fired or having our paychecks

docked. now most folks just aren't that lucky. particularly in today's economy when many people aren't just working one job, but two or three to get by or working longer hours or out of a job and can't afford to be choosey about things like flexibility and benefits. and this disconnect between the needs of our families and workplace is a broader problem. today we as a society still see workplace flexibility policies as a special perk for women rather than a critical part of a workplace that can help all of us. there's still this perception out there that an employee who needs some time to tend to an aging parent or parent-teacher conference isn't fully committed to his or her job. or if you make a workplace more flexible, it necessarily will be less profitable. now it's true that women are still disproportionally affected by this issue. something michelle always

reminds me of. which is another reason why it's such great concern for me. but plenty of fathers out there wish they had more time to spend with their kids. plenty of sons wish they could do more for their elderly workers. plenty of people wish they could go back to school to beef up their skills and advance their careers. and there are plenty of community that is need the new jobs we can create when we embrace teleworking and mobile workplaces. as to how it affects the bottom line, a report by the white house economic advisers found that today companies with flexible work arrangements can have lower turnover and absenteeism and higher productivity and healthier workers. let's be clear, workplace flexibility isn't just a women's issue. it's an issue that effects the well being of our families and

the success of our business. it effects the strength of our economy. it will help in the today's global economy. indument matily, it reflects our priorities as a society. our belief that no matter what each of us does for a living, caring for a loved one and raising the next generation is the single most important job that we have. i think it's time we started making that job a little easier for folks. many of you here represent companies and workplaces that are already doing just that. embracing telecommuting, job sharing, flexible start and end times, and helping your employees generally find quality child dare and elder care. if you are doing this not just because it's the right thing to do. but because you found that what's good for your workers and is good for your family can be good for your bottom lines and shareholders as well. then you need to spread the word. my administration is committed

to supporting efforts like these. our budget for next year includes competitive grants to help states launch their own paid leave programs, it increases funding for child care, and doubles the child care tax credit for millions of middle-class families. and it provides support for people caring for aging relatives and seniors who want to live dependently as long as possible. we are also committing to practicing what we preach. john have been all over this. this is the purpose of the pilot project that john just told you about. that's why john is working with our chief technology officer to provide opportunities here in washington, but also all across america totelework on a regular basis. where new technology can help, we'll find a effective way to install it. where training is needed to help managers and workers, we'll adopt the best practices from

the private sector. because in fact end, we believe that all of this isn't just about providing a better work experience for our employees. it's about providing better, more efficient service for the american people. even in the face of snowstorms, and other crises that keep folks from getting to the office. i do not want to see the government close because of snow again. [laughter] president obama: it's about attracting and retaining top talent in the federal work force and empowering them to do their jobs. and judging their success by the result that is they get, not by how many meeting or face time they log or how much hours are spent on airplanes. it's about creating a culture where as martha johnson put it is, work is what you do, not where you are. and in these efforts, we'll be looking to all of you for advice and ideas. we plan to continue the

conversation in the coming months, holding forums and communities across the country so that we can seek out more good ideas and best practice that is we can adopt and promote. again, i thank you for being part of that forum. i look forward to hearing about what you came up with today, i look toward to working with all of you in the years to come. thank you very much, everybody. thank you. [applause] >> coming up at 5:30 eastern, the afghanistan ambassador to the united states speaking at the john hopkins school on how countries and outside institutions can support the building of afghanistan. live coverage on c-span. >> since the $787 economic stimulus program was signed into law last february, $355 billion has committed and $205.1 billion

has paid out as of march 23. if you'd like to know more about the stimulus and take a look at some of the programs we've covered, including the recent fcc meeting and a look at state-by-state stimulus spending, go to our web site at c-span.org/stimulus. >> now remarks from former united nations ambassador, john bolton. he gives his view on american sovereignty and nuclear arms control agreement. this runs an hour and five minutes.

>> everybody gets so quiet. senator helms would have a lively group. come on, gang. thank you for joins me us here at the heritage foundation, i'm john, it's my privilege to welcome you to douglas and sarah autotour yum. we welcome those joining us on the heritage web site, and please turn off your cell phones as a courtesy to our presentor. we will post the program on the web site for future reference and you are always welcome to e-mail us at speaker@heritage.com. hosting is kim holmes, vice president for foreign and policy studies as well as director of the institute for the international studies here at heritage. he oversees heritage alison as

well as our margaret thatcher center for freedom. he's the index of economic freedom now in 16th annual joint publication from 2002 to 2005, dr. holmes was privileged to serve in the bush administration as assistant secretary of state for international organizal affairs. please join me in welcoming my colleague, kim holmes. kim? [applause] >> thank you. good morning. it's a pleasure to have all of you this morning. this is an exciting day at heritage. we have a distinct honor to a man that was near and dear to not only the people here at the heritage foundation who worked with him so often over the years, but to serve in united states and all across the

world. i'm speaking of course of senator jesse helms. this is my great pleasure to welcome to the helm lecture series. i'd like to thank john dodd for joining us today. the helm foundation is sponsoring this lecture series. we are pleased to partner with them in highlights the values and principals on which this nation was founded, the very values that senator helms promoted with vigor all of his life. i'd like to welcome the senators daughter nancy and her husband. we're so honored you could join us. i also want to extent a welcome from brian rodgers and mary schumer whoo are representing the board of directors. for this first lecture we chose a topic that the senator would have loved. protecting national

sovereignty. i remember in 2000 when he was chair of the senate and foreign relations committee, senator helms went into the lions den at the united nations in new york city to forcefully defend sovereignty as a bedrock principal of the international system. in his address he said, and i quote him, the united nations must respect national sovereignty in the united states and everywhere else. the united nations serves nation states, not the other way around. this principal is central to the legitimacy and the ultimate survival of the united nations. and it is a principal that must be protected. end quote. like senator helms, we believe sovereignty is critical. but it is also at risk. too many want america to surrender it's sovereignty to international organization and to international courts. too few understand that the u.n. was created to serve its members and not the other way around.

and too few understand that we defend american sovereignty because we value the u.s. constitution. which guarantees american rights. not the u.n. or any of its bodies or its courts. for over 25 years we have turned a spotlight on the united nations to expose it's waste, fraud, and abuse and to demand better of it. we work closely with allies on the hill and senator helms was the best of them. to make the u.n. more effective at promoting security, prosperity, and freedom around the world. the list of what the united nations does poorly is unfortunately far longer than what it does well. this is a point that our good friend ambassador john bolton makes in the forward to our most recent book here at the heritage foundation. it's called conundrum, i have a copy of it right here. if you'd like to read john's or any orrises nit book, go to the web site.

heritage.org. ladies and gentlemen, few people have worked as hard as john bolton to protect america, and we could not be more pleased to have him for the first lecture. today's a senior at heritage foundation constitute and he protected us at a number of post, and before that under secretary of state for arms control at international security under george w. bush. he was assistant secretary of state for the international affairs for president george herbert walker bush. the title of john's lecture is "protecting national sovereignty in the age of obama." john has written airplay -- a pamphlet which will be coming out in a few weeks, few days,

few weeks in and a series of pamphlets. ladies and gentlemen, please join me in welcoming ambassador john bolton. >> thank you very much from kim and everybody at the heritage foundation. it's great to be back and especially to work again with the jesse helms center and to see members of senators family and from the center and his former staff in the senate. and i'm really honored to have the chance to give the first of the washington series of lectures. i go back a long way with the helms enterprise. i worked with the senator in connection with campaign finance law. back in the '70s at the time of his first reelection to the senate and in a variety of context since then and he was particularly pleased to work

with him in a series of national security issues during his time in the senate. so it's a real pleasure, especially to address the question of u.s. sovereignty which was something that he cared very deeply about. and i know would be concerned about in the present circumstances we face. sovereignty is a critically important issue for americans. it's something we feel instinctively lies in all american citizens. you know, the concept derives from monarchies in europe. and to many people, it seems abstract, it doesn't have the immediacy that it does to americans. but we understand that in america as the constitution itself says, it's we the people who are sovereign. so when you hear academics or people from the international left or some of our friends in europe say, you know, the world

is very complex now and these national sovereignties get in the way of solving global problems, we need to pool sovereignty or we need to share sovereignty, what they are really saying is you need to give up control over the american government. and you need to share it with other people. now since most americans don't believe we have enough control over the federal government, the idea of pooling or sharing some of the sovereignty we have is naturally objectionable. but this is part of a larger struggle that's been going on for quite some time. a struggle that frankly most americans don't even know is happening. and i characterize it as a struggle between globalist people who think that all problems move in the direction of greater international discussion and resolution versus americanist. people who think we're quite capable of solving problems, staying within the frame work of

the american constitution. now this is at both -- at times both a dense and abstract subject. i think the political and media elites in the united states look down at people who are concerned about sovereignty. it reflects the certain parochialism in their attitude. i think it's exactly the opposite. i think concerns about the constitution, about our role in representative government in the united states, and the implimentation on sovereignty on a daily basis by the workings of our constitutional system is absolutely basic. and that deviations from that model are things that have to be looked at with great care. but i think as i say, most americans have not focused on fact that there are more challenges out there to our sovereignty that we can imagine. not made for tv moments, not events that come dramatically to public attention, but years and

years of resolutions being passed and international organizations of conference going, of article being written, of people pushing their own agendas affecting the united states in the way of coral reef grows in many cases. it'sit's not anything that is subject to draytyization, that doesn't make it any less significant or important. now in years gone by, people who weren't favorably disposed used to talk about world government. nobody talks about world government anymore expect out in the fever swamps. they have other phrases that they use, my favorite being global governance. now that's not to the same as world government. i'll be clear not everybody who advocates greater global governance really thinks you are going to end up with the world

government. there's a lot of disagreement about the ultimate goal, the pace at which people are going and so on. but global governance itself is a way of expressing dissatisfaction with the workings of an autonomous u.s. constitutional system. back in 1995, a book with the charming title our global neighborhood. i don't know what other neighborhood we're in, by the way. but our global neighborhood describes global governance this way. they said it's part of the evolution of human effort to organize life on the planet of and it's process will always be going on. so you see, they take a long view of how global governance is going to develop. and you'll note they call it part of the evolution of human effort. so implying if you are not in favorite of global governance, somehow you stepped off the

evolutionary treadmill and presumably drag your knuckles when people aren't working. this is a way of characterized problems that enables it's advocates to escape the kind of scrutiny. i think the proposals read. it's much more common in europe, though, for people to be open about their objectives. especially as through the european union, elites have gotten good at pooling european sovereignty at brussels. we have european union now has a president. the rough equivalent of barack obama i suppose. i don't know what that makes the president of member states of the european union. i don't think they'd characterize themselves as governors.